Formation Mechanism of a Low-Level Jet during the Passage of Typhoon Ma-on (2004) over the Southern Kanto District

Mashiko, Wataru

doi:10.2151/jmsj.86.183

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…There exists disagreement, however, as to the frequency of such occurrences, with estimates ranging from 11.4% (Fujibe and Kitabatake 2007;Kitabatake and Fujibe 2009) to 66.7% (Loridan et al 2014) of WNP TCs near Japan. Potential causes of strong left-of-track winds during ET include frontogenesis along a warm front rearward of the TC (e.g., Riemer et al 2006), terrain-induced flow channeling (e.g., Mashiko 2008), and the vortex response to sufficiently large vertical wind shear (e.g., Uhlhorn et al 2014).…”

Section: A Windmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts

et al. 2017

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Extratropical transition (ET) is the process by which a tropical cyclone, upon encountering a baroclinic environment and reduced sea surface temperature at higher latitudes, transforms into an extratropical cyclone. This process is influenced by, and influences, phenomena from the tropics to the midlatitudes and from the meso- to the planetary scales to extents that vary between individual events. Motivated in part by recent high-impact and/or extensively observed events such as North Atlantic Hurricane Sandy in 2012 and western North Pacific Typhoon Sinlaku in 2008, this review details advances in understanding and predicting ET since the publication of an earlier review in 2003. Methods for diagnosing ET in reanalysis, observational, and model-forecast datasets are discussed. New climatologies for the eastern North Pacific and southwest Indian Oceans are presented alongside updates to western North Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean climatologies. Advances in understanding and, in some cases, modeling the direct impacts of ET-related wind, waves, and precipitation are noted. Improved understanding of structural evolution throughout the transformation stage of ET fostered in large part by novel aircraft observations collected in several recent ET events is highlighted. Predictive skill for operational and numerical model ET-related forecasts is discussed along with environmental factors influencing posttransition cyclone structure and evolution. Operational ET forecast and analysis practices and challenges are detailed. In particular, some challenges of effective hazard communication for the evolving threats posed by a tropical cyclone during and after transition are introduced. This review concludes with recommendations for future work to further improve understanding, forecasts, and hazard communication.

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Section: A Windmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts

et al. 2017

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“…The model has demonstrated its ability to simulate typhoons in realistic conditions (Murata et al 2003;Mashiko 2005Mashiko , 2008. The model has demonstrated its ability to simulate typhoons in realistic conditions (Murata et al 2003;Mashiko 2005Mashiko , 2008.…”

Section: Model Outline and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Evaporation from Raindrops on Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Evolution and Axisymmetric Structure

Sawada

Iwasaki

2010

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

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Cloud-resolving simulations of an ideal tropical cyclone (TC) on an f plane are performed to investigate the effects of evaporative cooling on the evolution and structure of a TC. Evaporative cooling has markedly different impacts on the TC development and structure than melting/sublimation cooling because of the formation of rainbands. Evaporative cooling suppresses the organization of a TC at the early development stage. Evaporative cooling effectively forms convective downdrafts that cool and dry the boundary layer. Stabilizing the TC boundary layer reduces convective available potential energy (CAPE) around the eyewall by about 40% and slows the development. However, at the mature stage evaporative cooling steadily develops the TC for a longer period and enlarges the TC size because of rainbands, which are formed by the cold pool associated with evaporative cooling outside the eyewall. The large amounts of latent heating greatly induce the secondary circulation and transport large absolute angular momentum inward around the midtroposphere, resulting in the steady development of the TC. After a three-day integration, both the areaaveraged precipitation and the kinetic energy become greater than when evaporative cooling is excluded.

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“…5). It was accompanied by a low-level jet in the rear of the center (Mashiko 2008). When T0422 made landfall in eastern Japan in early October, there was a 500-hPa trough accompanied by a cold airmass at a distance of about 1000 km from the cyclone center in the left-rear quadrant (MRI06).…”

Section: C5 Stormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Surface Wind Fields and Three-Dimensional Structures of Tropical Cyclones Landfalling in the Main Islands of Japan

Kitabatake¹,

Fujibe²

2009

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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Three-dimensional structures of 70 tropical cyclones (TCs) that made landfall in the southern part of the main islands of Japan during 1979-2004 were examined by using the Japanese 25-year Reanalysis (JRA-25) dataset. These 70 TCs had been classified into 5 clusters C1-C5 in a previous study by means of the fuzzy c-means method based on the surface wind fields. A cyclone phase space analysis using three indicators exhibited that the average TC in each cluster has a thermal structure at its particular stage of the structural change in midlatitudes. The average C1 and C5 TCs, both of which were characterized by the area of strong winds concentrated near the cyclone center, were a relatively intense TC at the early stage of the extratropical transition (ET) and a weakening TC with a thermally symmetric structure, respectively. The C2 and C3 TCs, accompanied by the area of strong winds in the right semicircle with respect to the direction of the storm motion, were a mature TC and a thermally asymmetric, weak TC at the late ET stage, respectively. The C4 TC accompanied by strong winds on both right and left sides was a large, mature TC in August or, alternatively, a TC undergoing ET with a strong warm core in the months except for August. Composite analyses indicated that the average TC structure of each cluster is related to the environment characterized by other features such as a trough in the midlatitude westerly, the subtropical high and another TC.

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Formation Mechanism of a Low-Level Jet during the Passage of Typhoon Ma-on (2004) over the Southern Kanto District

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts

The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Cyclone Evolution and Direct Impacts

Impacts of Evaporation from Raindrops on Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Evolution and Axisymmetric Structure

Relationship between Surface Wind Fields and Three-Dimensional Structures of Tropical Cyclones Landfalling in the Main Islands of Japan

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