Formation of 2-hexenal from linolenic acid by macerated Ginkgo leaves

Major, Randolph T.; Thomas, M.

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(72)80019-0

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The basic chemical composition of dried leaves of ginkgo varieties grown in the USA was also described by Goh and Barlow who recorded a much higher fat content of 11.4 g/100 g dm, in comparison to 4.34-5.55% dry matter in this study (Goh & Barlow, 2002). Tsujimoto detected linolenic acid in green and yellow coloured ginkgo leaves (Major & Thomas, 1972). The main fatty acids in ginkgo were oleic and linoleic acid in the triglyceride fraction, and palmitic acid in the phospholipid fraction, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Phytocomponents and evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extract depending on vegetation period

Kobus‐Cisowska

Dziedziński

Szczepaniak

et al. 2020

CyTA - Journal of Food

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Leaves of the Ginkgo biloba L. have been identified as a source of bioactive compounds and their consumption may lead to the improvement of the brain function. During two vegetation periods, extracts of green and yellow leaves of Ginkgo biloba were analyzed for their chemical constituents and health properties. Samples were analyzed via HPLC and GC methods for the presence and content of phytochemicals. The antioxidant effect towards DPPH and ABTS radicals was studied. The antioxidant activity of samples was measured in Rancimat and Oxidograph tests along with the effectiveness of samples as inhibitors against cholinesterase. The content of individual phytochemicals was found to depend on the harvesting period and type of solvent used in the extraction process. Gingko yellow leaf extracts showed highest radical-scavenging activity as well as cholinesterase inhibition activity, and can be a valuable raw material to produce extracts possessing high cholinesterase inhibition activity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Phytocomponents and evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extract depending on vegetation period

Kobus‐Cisowska

Dziedziński

Szczepaniak

et al. 2020

CyTA - Journal of Food

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“…A number of studies have demonstrated LOX pathway derived volatile emissions in response to wounding, herbivore attack, heat and other abiotic stresses at the immediate sites of stress/injury as well as in plant parts distant to the immediate site of damage (Major and Thomas, 1972; Kessler and Baldwin, 2002; Farag et al, 2006; Matsui, 2006; Wei et al, 2007; Adams et al, 2011; Blom et al, 2011; Wei and Kang, 2011; Copolovici et al, 2012; Rambla et al, 2016; Jiang et al, 2017; Rasulov et al 2019). The release of LOX pathway derived volatiles plays an essential role in induced direct and indirect plant defenses including tri-trophic interactions and even in apoptosis, because the amount of LOX pathway derived volatiles and ROS produced by any stress determines the type of signaling or plant response they will induce (Geervliet et al, 1997; Engelberth, 2004; Ruther and Kleier, 2005; Kishimoto et al, 2008; Bruinsma et al, 2009; Wei and Kang, 2011; von Arx et al, 2012; Bhattacharjee, 2012; Tieman et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lethal heat stress-dependent volatile emissions from tobacco leaves: what happens beyond the thermal edge?

Turan

Kask

Kanagendran

et al. 2019

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Natural vegetation is predicted to suffer from extreme heat events as a result of global warming. In this study, we focused on the immediate response to heat stress. Photosynthesis and volatile emissions were measured in the leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Wisconsin 38) after exposure to heat shock treatments between 46-55 °C. Exposure to 46 °C decreased photosynthetic carbon assimilation rates (A) by more than three-fold. Complete inhibition of A was observed at 49 °C, together with a simultaneous decrease in the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II, measured as the Fv/Fm ratio. A large increase in volatile emissions was observed at 52 °C. Heat stress resulted in only minor effects on the emission of monoterpenes, but volatiles associated with membrane damage such as propanal and (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol were greatly increased. Heat-induced changes in the levels of methanol, 2–ethylfuran that are indicative of modification of cell walls. In addition, the oxidation of metabolites in the volatile profiles was strongly enhanced, suggesting the acceleration of oxidative processes at high temperatures that are beyond the thermal tolerance limit.

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“…129 formed enzymically from linoleic acid and linolenic acid in homogenates ofcucumber (Grosch & Schwarz, 1971). Enzymic reactions are also involved in the conversion of linolenic acid into hex-2-enal in leaf homogenates (Major & Thomas, 1972) and into ethylene in apple fruit extracts (Galliard et al, 1968).…”

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confidence: 99%

The enzymic conversion of linoleic acid into 9-(nona-1′,3′-dienoxy)non-8-enoic acid, a novel unsaturated ether derivative isolated from homogenates of Solanum tuberosum tubers

Galliard

Phillips

1972

Biochemical Journal

103

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1. A major component of the lipids in aqueous (pH7.5) homogenates of tuber tissue from Solanum tuberosum was isolated and characterized as 9-(nona-1',3'-dienoxy)non-8-enoic acid. 2. This novel unsaturated ether fatty acid derivative, which contains a butadienylvinyl ether function, has the structure: [Formula: see text] and is formed from linoleic acid by a sequence of enzymic reactions. 3. A precursor of the unsaturated ether derivative is 9-d-hydroperoxyoctadeca-10,12-dienoic acid, formed by the action of S. tuberosum lipoxygenase on linoleic acid. 4. An enzyme that converts the fatty acid hydroperoxide into the unsaturated ether derivative was isolated from S. tuberosum. The pH optimum of this enzyme is approx. 9, although the overall conversion of linoleic acid into the ether derivative is maximal at pH7.5. 5. An unusual feature of this pathway is the insertion of an oxygen atom into the alkyl chain of a fatty acid. 6. This novel mechanism may play a role in the breakdown of polyunsaturated fatty acids to volatile products in plants.

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Formation of 2-hexenal from linolenic acid by macerated Ginkgo leaves

Cited by 28 publications

References 7 publications

Phytocomponents and evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extract depending on vegetation period

Phytocomponents and evaluation of acetylcholinesterase inhibition by Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extract depending on vegetation period

Lethal heat stress-dependent volatile emissions from tobacco leaves: what happens beyond the thermal edge?

The enzymic conversion of linoleic acid into 9-(nona-1′,3′-dienoxy)non-8-enoic acid, a novel unsaturated ether derivative isolated from homogenates of Solanum tuberosum tubers

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