Formation of a human-derived fat tissue layer in P LGA hollow fibre scaffolds for adipocyte tissue engineering

Adipose tissue engineering: state of the art, recent advances and innovative approaches

“…[26,51] PEGDA UV-cured [14, 66,67] Degradable PEG modified with the collagenase-sensitive peptide sequence GGLGPAGGK [67] PEG derivatives containing preadipocyte adhesion sites coupled to PEG, via the peptide sequence YIGSR [67] PEGDMA, UV cured PEGDA, UV cured Hydrogel Micro-well topography (by Flash Imprint Lithography) [84] Microchanneled hydrogel [92] In vitro: ASCs isolated from freshly excised subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue from patients undergoing elective surgery [51,26], preadipocytes isolated from epididymal fat pads of male Lewis rats [67]. hBMSCs preconditioned in adipogenic-inducing supplement and photoencapsulated in PEGDA hydrogel [14] In vivo: subcutaneous implantation in the dorsum of SCID mice [14] In vitro: rat preadipocytes [27,28,75] Micropatterned substrate (by photolithography) [76] Woven meshes [79] Injectable spheres [58,59] Macroporous microspheres [39] Microspheres [48] Hollow fibers [74] Porous scaffolds [72,73,78] Electrospun nano-fibrous matrices [77] In vitro: murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes dynamically seeded onto PGA scaffolds in stirred spinner flasks [27,28] In vivo: subcutaneous implantation into 6-8-week-old female immunodeficient NMRI (nu/nu) mice [75] In vitro: D1 cells (multipotent mouse bone marrow stromal precursors) [76] hBMSCs and hASCs cultured for 21 days in the presence of adipogenic stimulants [79] In vivo: implantation in a rat ( athymic nude male) muscle pouch defect model In vivo: Rabbit BMSCs and ASCs cultured in adipogenic medium, attached to PLGA spheres and injected to nude mice for 2 weeks In vivo: hASCs expanded on PLGA in a stirred suspension bioreactor, subcutaneously injected in athymic female mice In vivo: FGF-2 in PLGA microspheres + human preadipocytes in small intestinal submucosa particles subcuta...…”

Autologous Fat Grafting

“…Three-dimensional scaffolds formed from collagen, gelatin, hyaluronan matrices, and polyglycolic acid derivatives present promising structural adjuncts to promoting adipose graft vascularization and survival. 61,98,99 Numerous studies have demonstrated scaffolding to improve graft volume retention and survival of seeded cells when using scaffolds. 100Y102 Infiltration into the scaffold matrix may be improved when preadipocytes are seeded compared to mature adipocytes.…”

Two- and three-dimensional tissue culture bioprocessing methods for soft tissue engineering

“…Careful design allows a very high surface area to volume ratio. Membrane bioreactors have been used to replicate vascularisation in tissues such as bone (Ellis and Chaudhuri, 2007;Morgan et al ., 2009) and liver (Curcio et al ., 2005;Lu et al ., 2005) and the fi lter system in lung (Grek et al ., 2009) and kidney (Oo et al ., 2011), and organ assist devices such as the Extracorporeal Liver Assist Device (ELAD) system by Vital Therapies Inc. Tubular membranes have been used for nerve guidance (Oudega et al ., 2001). Mass transfer will have convective and diffusional components.…”