Formation of alkanes, alkylcycloalkanes and alkylbenzenes during the catalytic hydrocracking of vegetable oils

Filho, Geraldo Narciso da Rocha; Brodzki, D.; Djéga‐Mariadassou, Gérald

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(93)90114-h

Cited by 157 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Due to their high viscosity (about 11 to 17 times higher than diesel fuel) and low volatility, they do not burn completely and form deposits in the fuel injector of diesel engines. Furthermore, acrolein (a highly toxic substance) is formed through thermal decomposition of glycerol 32,[83][84][85][86][87] . Different ways have been considered to reduce the high viscosity of vegetable oils:…”

Section: Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters As Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• catalytic cracking, which produces alkanes, cycloalkanes and alkylbenzenes 84 , and • transesterification with ethanol or methanol 88,89 .…”

Section: Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters As Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Soybean 26,30,32,84 , rapeseed 38,78,79 , sunflower 28 and palm 29,37 oils are the most studied. However, there are no technical restrictions to the use of other types of vegetable oils.…”

Section: Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters As Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transesterification of vegetable oils: a review

Schuchardt¹,

Sercheli²,

Vargas³

1998

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

982

539

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A transesterificação de óleos vegetais com metanol, bem como as principais aplicações de ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos, são revisadas. São descritos os aspectos gerais desse processo e a aplicabilidade de diferentes tipos de catalisadores (ácidos, hidróxidos, alcóxidos e carbonatos de metais alcalinos, enzimas e bases não-iônicas, como aminas, amidinas, guanidinas e triamino(imino)fosforanos). Enfoque especial é dado às guanidinas, que podem ser facilmente heterogeneizadas em polímeros orgânicos. No entanto, as bases ancoradas lixiviam dos polímeros. Novas estratégias para a obtenção de guanidinas heterogeneizadas mais resistentes à lixiviação são propostas. Finalmente, são descritas várias aplicações para ésteres de ácidos graxos, obtidos por transesterificação de óleos vegetais.The transesterification of vegetable oils with methanol as well as the main uses of the fatty acid methyl esters are reviewed. The general aspects of this process and the applicability of different types of catalysts (acids, alkaline metal hydroxides, alkoxides and carbonates, enzymes and non-ionic bases, such as amines, amidines, guanidines and triamino(imino)phosphoranes) are described. Special attention is given to guanidines, which can be easily heterogenized on organic polymers. However, the anchored catalysts show leaching problems. New strategies to obtain non-leaching guanidine-containing catalysts are proposed. Finally, several applications of fatty acid esters, obtained by transesterification of vegetable oils, are described.

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Section: Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters As Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• catalytic cracking, which produces alkanes, cycloalkanes and alkylbenzenes 84 , and • transesterification with ethanol or methanol 88,89 .…”

Section: Fatty Acid Alkyl Esters As Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Transesterification of vegetable oils: a review

Schuchardt¹,

Sercheli²,

Vargas³

1998

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

982

539

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In one study, Amazonian oils such as Hevea brasiliensis and Virola sebifera were used as starting feed for hydrocracking process to form liquid hydrocarbons. 39 In a second study, in order to better understand both the role of the fatty acid chain length and chain saturation, Rocha et al 40 also studied oil feeds from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), tucuma (Astrycarium vulgaris), buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), babassu (Orbygnya martiana) and soybean.…”

Section: Hydrocrackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both studies, 39,40 hydrocracking was performed with an industrial Ni-Mo/γ-alumina catalyst submitted to in situ sulfiding, using sulfur powder as a sulfiding agent. It also seems useful to recall that passion fruit, tucuma and buriti oils were obtained by extraction of seeds with n-hexane in the laboratories of UFPA and did not undergo further refining.…”

Section: Hydrocrackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cracking and hydrocracking of triglycerides for renewable liquid fuels: alternative processes to transesterification

Fréty¹,

Rocha²,

Brandão³

et al. 2011

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Os processos industriais mais utilizados na produção de combustíveis líquidos semelhantes ao diesel usam catalisadores homogêneos básicos através das metanólise e etanólise de óleos tais como os de soja, canola, palma entre outros. Desse modo, se obtém o biodiesel. Por sua vez, transformações termo-catalíticas usando as facilidades existentes nas refinarias de petróleo são alternativas que merecem atenção devido a sua viabilidade econômica. De fato, três processos industriais já estão em funcionamento e novos projetos estão em fase final para comercialização. O presente trabalho analisa os experimentos já realizados por pesquisadores brasileiros nas áreas do craqueamento, do craqueamento catalítico e do hidrocraqueamento catalítico dos óleos vegetais puros ou modificados. A partir dos resultados descritos, são sugeridas novas direções destas pesquisas para os próximos anos.The most used industrial processes for the production of liquid fuels like diesel type are based on the methanolysis and ethanolysis of various oil reactants, such as palm, soybean and rapeseed oils, in the presence of homogeneous base catalysts. However, thermal and catalytic transformations of vegetable oils using available reactors and industrial processes are possible alternatives and deserve attention. In fact, three industrial processes are operating and new projects are announced. The present work analyses the experimental studies performed up to now by Brazilian researchers in the field of cracking, catalytic cracking and hydrocracking of pure or modified vegetable oils. From the published results, some research areas for the near future are suggested.

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Alternative Fuels

Pal¹,

Hancsók²

2014

Fuels and Fuel‐Additives

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Formation of alkanes, alkylcycloalkanes and alkylbenzenes during the catalytic hydrocracking of vegetable oils

Cited by 157 publications

References 17 publications

Transesterification of vegetable oils: a review

Transesterification of vegetable oils: a review

Cracking and hydrocracking of triglycerides for renewable liquid fuels: alternative processes to transesterification

Alternative Fuels

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