Formation of Bound Rubber of GR-S Type Polymers with Carbon Blacks

Abstract

The bound rubber-black complex formed by milling various GR-S polymers and carbon blacks at several temperature levels was studied. The amount of bound polymer increased with greater loadings of black, but per unit of carbon black, it decreased at the higher black loadings.The temperature of mixing likewise has a large effectat lower carbon black loadings, higher temperatures increase the amount of binding; 'the effect is minimized as the loading is increased until at high loadings (100 to 125 parts of black per 100 parts of rubber) this effect is eliminated. By fractionation of the sol portion, it has been shown that polymer of progressively lower molecular weight is bound as the black loading is increased. Polymer of high molecular weight does not replace bound polymer INDUSTRIALAND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY

Conformational Relaxation of Poly(styrene-co-butadiene) Chains at Substrate Interface in Spin-Coated and Solvent-Cast Films

“…When rubber is applied to composite materials for engineering applications, reinforcement with an inorganic filler is indispensable. − Although extensive efforts have been hitherto devoted to studying rubbers containing fillers, a complete understanding of the reinforcement mechanism at a molecular level has not yet been achieved. , Of the hypotheses proposed thus far, the one on the basis of adsorbed chains onto the filler surface, so-called bound rubber , is generally accepted as one of the most reasonable arguments. − The bound rubber could not be generally swollen and/or dissolved in good solvents. The segmental dynamics in the bound rubber were extremely suppressed in comparison with those in the corresponding bulk region. − The bound rubber on the filler surface induces an internal stress in the composite and thus is believed to play a crucial role in the reinforcing effect. − However, the physical properties and the formation mechanism for the bound rubber at the interface with the filler have yet to be elucidated.…”

Reorientation Kinetics of Local Conformation of Polyisoprene at Substrate Interface

“…Rubber chains adsorbed on to the filler with peculiar aggregation states, the so-called bound rubber, should play important roles in the physical properties of the composite. − Pulse nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies − and other analytical methods − have revealed that the chain dynamics in the bound rubber layer are strongly restricted. Taking these results into account, it seems that the filler effect on the physical properties of the composite cannot be explained in terms of a simple volumetric argument without the contribution of the bound rubber. − A possible scenario proposed thus far is that the fillers are connected to one another through the bound rubber layers to form a network structure in the matrix.…”

Bound Polymer Layer in Nanocomposites

“…(In some cases, when the attractions are weaker or for short chains, the bound layer can also be at equilibrium.) Over the last century, there have been many experimental − and simulation − attempts to quantify the total amount and extent of this bound polymer. We describe a popular method used to obtain this thickness.…”