Formation of brominated dibenzofurans from pyrolysis of the polybrominated biphenyl fire retardant, firemaster FF-1.

Nlybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) and dibenzolurans (PBDFs) occur as trace (ppb) contaminantsin brominated flame retardants and are produced during combustion ofthese chemicals. They are also formed when organics are incinerated in the presence ofbromine, e. g., in municipal and industrial incinerators and in internal-combustion engines. Combustion of organics in the presence of both bromine and chlorine results in the formation of mixed (ie., bromo, bromo/chloro and chloro) halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (HDDs and HDFs

Section: Absorption and Eliminationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…PBDDs and PBDFs can be produced by the pyrolysis of a variety of brominated flame retardant chemicals (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17) and/or flame-retarded polymeric materials. Under conditions in which a source of chlorine is also available, bromo/chloro dibenzo-pdioxins and furans are most likely produced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans: literature review and health assessment.

Mennear

Lee

1994

“…Small amounts of PBB metabolites and decomposition products have also been detected by chromatographic and spectrometric methods (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Several of these are listed in Table 2.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) in Domestic and laboratory animals.

Damstra¹,

Jurgelski²,

Posner³

et al. 1982

The composition, environmental fate, and effects of the polybrominated biphenyls (Firemaster BP-6 or FF-1) involved in the accidental contamination of cattle feed in Michigan in 1973 are reviewed. Toxic effects referred to in this report are limited to those occurring in domestic and laboratory animals and include general toxicity, neurobehavioral toxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. The absorption, distribution, biotransformation and elimination of these polybrominated biphenyls are discussed along with the interactions with other chemicals and drugs.

“…' Wives pregnant at the time chlorophenols (14)(15)(16)(17). Public discussion has suggested that the polychlorodibenzodioxins that appear in the environment may have their origins in the combustion of organochlorine compounds (18).…”

Section: Negative Chemical Ionization Screening Fish Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Public discussion has suggested that the polychlorodibenzodioxins that appear in the environment may have their origins in the combustion of organochlorine compounds (18). While the environmental hazard associated with combustion of organochlorine compounds is clearly real (14)(15)(16)(17), it seems unlikely that simple combustion was responsible for the unique occurrence of polychlorodibenzodioxins in fish from the Tittabawassee River. The very general occurrence of polyhalonaphthalenes in the fish samples indicates a more wide-spread contamination of the biosphere with these compounds than we had previously suspected.…”

Section: Negative Chemical Ionization Screening Fish Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative chemical ionization studied of human and food chain contamination with xenobiotic chemicals.

Dougherty¹,

Whitaker²,

Smith³

et al. 1980

Negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry with a mixture of isobutane, methylene chloride, and oxygen as the reagent gas has been used to explore contamination of environmental substrates with xenobiotic chemicals. The substrates in question, fish tissue, human seminal plasma, and human adipose tissue, were cleaned up by one of the following three cleanup procedures: (1) continuous liquid-liquid extraction steam distillation; (2) gel-permeation chromatography; and (3) adsorption on activated carbon followed by elution with toluene. The third procedure was used only for the examination of planar polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons in environmental samples. Using these techniques, we have found evidence for contamination of fish samples with polychloronaphthalenes, polychlorostyrenes, polychlorobiphenyls, polychlorodibenzofurans, and polychlorodibenzodioxins among other chemicals. The polychlorodibenzodioxins appeared only in the spectra of extracts of fish obtained from the Tittabawassee River at Midland Michigan. The polychlorodibenzofuran ions appeared in NCI mass spectra of fish that were significantly contaminated (above 2 ppm) with polychlorobiphenyls. Toxic substances occurring in human seminal plasma included pentachlorophenol, hexachlorobenzene, DDT metabolites, and polychlorobiphenyls. We have investigated toxic substances in human seminal plasma because of the apparent decrease in sperm density in U.S. males over the last 30 years.Results of screening human adipose tissue for contamination with xenobiotic chemicals have been largely coincident with results of the EPA human monitoring program. Polychlorobiphenyls, DDT metabolites, nonachlor, and chlordane have appeared in most samples examined. Detection limits for all of these chemicals were of the order of 1 ppb.