Illustration of clinker melt formation for a typical cement feed Schematic of Jander solid-state reaction geometry Rate of heat evolution for the hydration of C3S Rate of heat evolution for the hydration of C3A Rate of heat evolution for the hydration of Portland cement Diffraction of x-rays by crystal X-ray diffractogram of the representative limesoda sinter residue Relative particle size of the representative lime-soda sinter residue Flow chart for sample processing CM furnace time/temperature relationship used for burning of laboratory cement feed pellets X-ray diffraction scans comparing the demonstration clinker with a standard Portland cement Determination of the combinability temperature from free lime analysis (residue-cement formulation SR=4.3) Design plot for residue-cement formulations based on lime content Design plot for residue-cement formulations based on flux content Experimental design for physical testing of residue cement 123 133 vii Comparison of the compressive strength of a residue-cement (SR=3.8, LSF=0.90) with a Type Portland cement using 1-inch paste cubes (w/c=0.3) Compressive strength exhibited by residuecement formulations as compared to standard Type 1 and Type 5 portland cements Fraction of CaO reacted as a function of time at the burning temperature for residue-cement formulation SR=4.3, LSF=0.90 Fraction of CaO reacted as a function of time at the burning temperature for residue-cement formulation SR=3.3, LSF=0.90 Experimental points from the analysis of SR=3.3 residue-cement formulation burned at 1450°C fit into the Ginstling-Brounshtein rate equation Experimental points for the SR=4.3 residuecement formulation burned at 1300°C fit into the phase boundary rate equation Experimental points for the SR=4.3 residuecement formulation burned at 1400°C fit into the phase boundary rate equation Experimental points for the SR=4.3 residuecement formulation burned at 1400''C fit into the Ginstling-Brounshtein rate equation Experimental points for the SR=4.3 residuecement formulation burned at 1450°C fit into the phase boundary rate equation Experimental points for the SR=4.3 residuecement formulation burned at 1450°C fit into the Ginstling-Brounshtein rate equation Experimental points for the SR=4.3 residuecement formulation burned at ISOO^C fit into the phase boundary rate equation Experimental points for the SR=4.3 residuecement formulation burned at 1500°C fit into the Ginstling-Brounshtein rate equation Sinter Residue (412,300 TPY) Limestone (165,700 TPY) Coal Fly Ash (300,000 TPY) Soda Ash (63,700 TPY) Limestone (270,800 TPY) Cement Clinker (505,100 TPY) Clinker Grinding Portland Cement (530,400 TPY) Alumina (43,800 TPY) Gypsum (25,300 TPY) CEMENT PRODUCTION Burning temperature 1500 C LIME-SODA SINTER PROCESS Sintering temperature 1200 C Aluminum recovery 67%
