Three complementary
methods for altering an intrinsic nature of
propargyl radicals, from transient to persistent, were developed by
fine-tuning the bulkiness and degree of substitution around the secondary
and tertiary propargylic carbons, as well as by sterically enhancing
a π-bonded Co2(CO)6 metal core. The latter
was employed, as a mechanistic tool, for precluding an acetylene–allene
rearrangement, stabilizing propargyl cations, and creating a steric
hindrance that could provide for said transition from transient to
persistent propargyl radicals. A window of opportunities was identified
wherein the steric bulkiness in propargyl radicals remains below the
“persistency threshold”, providing good to excellent
stereoselectivities in radical dimerization reactions (d,l 62–100%). Along with the persistency threshold
for tertiary propargyl radicals (278.2 Å3), two different
thresholds for persistency in secondary propargyl radicals were established306.5
and 576.0 Å3dependent upon the molecular architecture
and the nature of the substituents populating the radical centers.
Three alternative molecular platforms were designed to exploit a newly
acquired dichotomy in allylic radicals (α-persistent-γ-transient) and trichotomy in pentadienyl radicals (α-persistent-γ-transient-ε-transient), providing access to molecular assemblies with contiguous 4°–4°,
4°–3°, and 3°–3° carbon atoms.