Formation of cartilage by non-chondrogenic cell types

Nathanson, Mark A.; Hilfer, S. Robert; Searls, Robert L.

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(78)90063-5

Cited by 67 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Fate mapping, histology, and tissue culture studies (review, Patten, 1959Patten, , 1971Moore and Persaud, 1993) Poleshev (1977) reported skeletal muscle induction in the omentum, a tissue of splanchnic mesoderm origin. Similarly, studies using demineralized bone matrix with its associated bone morphogenetic protein (Wozney et al, 1988;Wang et al, 1990) induced cartilage formation in explants of embryonic thyroid, lung, and kidney capsules and embryonic and adult rat hearts (Urist et al, 1978;Nathanson et al, 1978;Durrett et al, 1994). The results from the current and previous studies may be explained in a number of different ways.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mesenchymal stem cells reside within the connective tissues of many organs

Young

Mancini

Wright

et al. 1995

Developmental Dynamics

211

128

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Previous studies have noted the presence of mesenchymal stem cells located within the connective tissue matrices of avian skeletal muscle, dermis, and heart. In these studies, clonal analysis coupled with dexamethasone treatment revealed the presence of multiple populations of stem cells composed of both lineagecommitted progenitor mesenchymal stem cells and lineage-uncommitted pluripotent mesenchyma1 stem cells. The present study was undertaken to assess the distribution of these stem cells in the connective tissues throughout various regions of the body. Day 11 chick embryos were divided into 26 separate regions. Heart, limb skeletal muscle, and limb dermis were included as control tissues. Cells were harvested enzymatically and grown using conditions optimal for the isolation, cryopreservation, and propagation of avian mesenchymal stem cells. Cell aliquots were plated, incubated with various concentrations of dexamethasone, and examined for differentiated phenotypes. Four recurring phenotypes appeared in dexamethasone-treated stem cells: skeletal muscle myotubes, fat cells, cartilage nodules, and bone nodules. These results suggest that progenitor mesenchymal stem cells and putative pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells with the potential to form at least four tissues of mesodermal origin have a widespread distribution throughout the body, being located within the connective tissue compartments of many organs and organ systems.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mesenchymal stem cells reside within the connective tissues of many organs

Young

Mancini

Wright

et al. 1995

Developmental Dynamics

211

128

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“…Bone matrix was prepared as described (8). Extracellular matrix components were then extracted with 6.0 M guanidine HCl/50 mM Tris buffer, pH 7.0 (10 segments per 100 ml), at 4°C, for 72 hr with constant stirring, in the presence of protease inhibitors (12).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extracellular matrix of bone (bone matrix) has been shown to elicit local differentiation of cartilage and bone when implanted subcutaneously in rats (4)(5)(6). A similar developmental sequence can be achieved in part, in vitro, by culturing skeletal muscle on a substratum of demineralized bone; under these conditions, muscle-derived cells form hyaline cartilage (7)(8)(9)(10). The precise mechanisms underlying these phenotypic transformations are not well understood; however, surface charge and geometry of the matrix have been shown to be important in this regard (11,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro transformation of mesenchymal cells derived from embryonic muscle into cartilage in response to extracellular matrix components of bone.

Sampath¹,

Nathanson²,

Reddi³

1984

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Subcutaneous implantation of demineralized diaphyseal bone matrix into rats induces cartilage and bone formation in vivo. When minced skeletal muscle is cultured on hemicylinders of demineralized bone in vitro, mesenchymal cells are transformed into chondrocytes. In the present investigation, the potential of extracellular matrix components of bone to trigger cartilage differentiation in vitro was examined. Extraction of bone hemicylinders with 6 M guanidine HCl resulted in the absence of chondrogenesis in vitro and endochondral bone formation in vivo. Biologically inactive hemicylinders of bone were then reconstituted with the guanidine extract and also with partially purified components extracted from bone matrix and bioassayed. Reconstitution completely restored the ability to elicit chondrogenesis in vitro and endochondral bone differentiation in vivo. Reconstitution of the whole guanidine extract on Millipore filters coated with gels of tendon collagen (type I) and subsequent culture with minced skeletal muscle also resulted in cartilage induction in vitro. These observations show that the extracellular matrix of bone is a repository of factors that govern local cartilage and bone differentiation.Extracellular matrix is necessary for adhesion, proliferation, and subsequent differentiation of cells (1-3). The extracellular matrix of bone (bone matrix) has been shown to elicit local differentiation of cartilage and bone when implanted subcutaneously in rats (4-6). A similar developmental sequence can be achieved in part, in vitro, by culturing skeletal muscle on a substratum of demineralized bone; under these conditions, muscle-derived cells form hyaline cartilage (7-10). The precise mechanisms underlying these phenotypic transformations are not well understood; however, surface charge and geometry of the matrix have been shown to be important in this regard (11,12). When components of bone matrix were dissociatively extracted and reconstituted with the inactive residual collagenous matrix, full bone induction activity was restored (13). The putative transforming proteins, with an apparent molecular mass of <50,000 daltons, appear to be related in several species of mammals (14) and have been shown to stimulate fibroblast proliferation in vitro (15).To gain further insights into the mechanism(s) of cell transformation in vitro, we have examined the action of extracellular components of bone matrix on embryonic skeletal muscle in vitro. The results reveal that fractions that elicit osteogenesis in vivo are also competent to transform mesenchymal cells derived from muscle into chondrocytes in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODSTissue Preparation and Cultivation. The source tissue consisted of embryonic skeletal muscle excised from the thighs of 19-to 20-day fetal rats. Thigh muscle was aseptically isolated into an aliquot of ice-cold complete culture medium as described (16). During the isolation procedure, contaminant dermal, vascular, and nervous tissues were mechanically removed. Cultures consisted of aliqu...

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“…The BMG grafts were prepared as described preciously (Nathanson et al, 1978). BMG scaffolds were sterilized with ethylene oxide and pre-incubated in DMEM/F-12 with 15% (v/v) FBS for 1 h at 37 °C.…”

Section: Engineered Cartilage Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of moniliformin and selenium on human articular cartilage metabolism and their potential relationships to the pathogenesis of Kashin-Beck disease

Zhang

Cao

Yang

et al. 2010

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:Objective: To investigate the effects of mycotoxin moniliformin (MON) on the metabolism of aggrecan and type II collagen in human chondrocytes in vitro and the relationship between MON and Kashin-Beck disease (KBD). Methods: Human chondrocytes were isolated and cultured on bone matrix gelatin to form an artificial cartilage model in vitro with or without MON toxin. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression of aggrecan and type II collagen in the cartilage was determined using immunocytochemical staining. Results: MON toxin inhibited chondrocyte viability in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners. MON reduced aggrecan and type II collagen syntheses in the tissue-engineered cartilage. MON also increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-13, BC4 epitopes, and CD44 in cartilages. However, the expression of 3B3(−) epitopes in cartilages was inhibited by MON. Selenium partially alleviated the damage of aggrecan induced by MON toxin. Conclusion: MON toxin promoted the catabolism of aggrecan and type II collagen in human chondrocytes.

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Formation of cartilage by non-chondrogenic cell types

Cited by 67 publications

References 29 publications

Mesenchymal stem cells reside within the connective tissues of many organs

Mesenchymal stem cells reside within the connective tissues of many organs

In vitro transformation of mesenchymal cells derived from embryonic muscle into cartilage in response to extracellular matrix components of bone.

Effects of moniliformin and selenium on human articular cartilage metabolism and their potential relationships to the pathogenesis of Kashin-Beck disease

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