Formation of Chemical Gardens

Cartwright, Julyan H. E.; García‐Ruiz, Juan Manuel; Novella, María Luisa; Otálora, Fermı́n

doi:10.1006/jcis.2002.8620

Cited by 189 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These tubes may grow to lengths over a hundred times their initial diameter and tend to taper in diameter eventually to close to a point. 1,2 Chemical gardens are currently the subject of intensive research. Understanding the mechanism of formation of the variety of spatial structures possible in chemical gardens remains indeed a challenge at the crossroad of disciplines as diverse and complementary as physics, chemistry, nonlinear pattern formation and materials science.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genericity of confined chemical garden patterns with regard to changes in the reactants

Haudin

Brasiliense

Cartwright

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The growth of chemical gardens is studied experimentally in a horizontal confined geometry when a solution of metallic salt is injected into an alkaline solution at a fixed flow rate. Various precipitate patterns are observed-spirals, flowers, worms or filaments-depending on the reactant concentrations. In order to determine the relative importance of the chemical nature of the reactants and physical processes in the pattern selection, we compare the structures obtained by performing the same experiment using different pairs of reactants of varying concentrations with cations of calcium, cobalt, copper, and nickel, and anions of silicate and carbonate. We show that although the transition zones between different patterns are not sharply defined, the morphological phase diagrams are similar in the various cases. We deduce that the nature of the chemical reactants is not a key factor for the pattern selection in the confined chemical gardens studied here and that the observed morphologies are generic patterns for precipitates possessing a given level of cohesiveness when grown under certain flow conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genericity of confined chemical garden patterns with regard to changes in the reactants

Haudin

Brasiliense

Cartwright

et al. 2015

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…around 0.15 cm 3 g −1 . In addition, the physico-chemical description of the growth process has attracted renewed interest as exemplified by the study of Cartwright et al [36], who studied concentration changes in the solution surrounding the tubes using Mach-Zehnder interferometry. The first microgravity study on silica gardens was carried out by Jones & Walter [37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tubular precipitation structures: materials synthesis under non-equilibrium conditions

Makki

Roszol

Pagano

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Inorganic precipitation reactions are known to self-organize a variety of macroscopic structures, including hollow tubes. We discuss recent advances in this field with an emphasis on experiments similar to 'silica gardens'. These reactions involve metal salts and sodium silicate solution. Reactions triggered from reagent-loaded microbeads can produce tubes with inner radii of down to 3 mm. Distinct wall morphologies are reported. For pump-driven injection, three qualitatively different growth regimes exist. In one of these regimes, tubes assemble around a buoyant jet of reactant solution, which allows the quantitative prediction of the tube radius. Additional topics include relaxation oscillations and the templating of tube growth with pinned gas bubble and mechanical devices. The tube materials and their nano-to-micro architectures are discussed for the cases of silica/Cu(OH) 2 and silica/Zn(OH) 2 /ZnO tubes. The latter case shows photocatalytic activity and photoluminescence.

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“…Bottom-up self-assembly can generate diverse patterns through a much more complex evolution of forces than we could ever apply by hand (12), but ceding control over all but the starting materials leaves little opportunity to fine-tune structures or control stages of hierarchical development, let alone rationally design arbitrary architectures. Strategies inspired by biomineralization have been explored as potential routes to controlling growth and self-assembly from the molecular level via tailored microenvironments, epitaxy and inorganic or organic additives (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Yet although these have produced some interesting spherical, spiral, leaf-like, and other shapes (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32), it is rather disappointing that the appearance of various forms in synthetic systems is often unexpected and the attempts to identify the mechanisms of their formation are generally assessed a posteriori..…”

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confidence: 99%