Formation of chloroplast protrusions and catalase activity in alpine Ranunculus glacialis under elevated temperature and different CO2/O2 ratios

Buchner, Othmar; Moser, Tim; Karadar, Matthias; Roach, Thomas; Kranner, Ilse; Holzinger, Andreas

doi:10.1007/s00709-015-0778-5

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Stromule‐like structures in rice mesophyll cells are constructed as sealed gaps between adjacent chloroplasts; they could function to trap photorespiratory CO 2 released from the mitochondria (Busch et al, ; Sage & Sage, ). Moreover, the frequency of the formation of chloroplast protrusions decreased under 2,000 ppm CO 2 and 2% O 2 condition, suggesting that the formation of protruded bodies was related to photorespiration (Buchner et al, ). Salt stress has been reported to increase photorespiration, and higher capacity of this pathway contributes to salt stress tolerance (Hoshida et al, ; Willekens et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chloroplasts often show unique structures such as stromules and chloroplast protrusions, which are preferentially formed under stress conditions than under normal growth conditions (Buchner, Holzinger, & Lütz, ; Gray et al, ; Yamane, Mitsuya, Taniguchi, & Miyake, ). Although the function of these unique structures has not yet been completely elucidated, the detailed observations of stromules (Brunkard, Runkel, & Zambryski, ; Gray et al, ; Hanson & Sattarzadeh, ; Schattat, Barton, Baudisch, Klösgen, & Mathur, ; Schattat et al, ) and protrusions (Buchner et al, ; Moser, Holzinger, & Buchner, ; Yamane et al, ) have been reported. Another unique structure is the invagination of chloroplasts that surround organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes within a thin layer of chloroplast stroma.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Three‐dimensional ultrastructure of chloroplast pockets formed under salinity stress

Yamane

Enomoto

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

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We investigated the invagination structure of a chloroplast that surrounds organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes within a thin layer of chloroplast stroma, which is called a chloroplast pocket. In this study, chloroplast pockets were observed in rice plants subjected to salinity stress but not under moderate growth condition. They included cytosol, transparent structure, lipid bodies, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. We constructed the three-dimensional architecture of chloroplast pockets by using serial images obtained by transmission electron microscopy and focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy. Three types of chloroplast pockets were observed by transmission electron microscopy: Organelles were completely enclosed in a chloroplast pocket (enclosed type), a chloroplast pocket with a small gap in the middle part (gap type), and a chloroplast pocket with one side open (open type). Of the 70 pockets observed by serial imaging, 35 were enclosed type, and 21 and 14 were gap and open types, respectively. Mitochondria and peroxisomes were often in contact with the chloroplast pockets. Focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy revealed chloroplasts with a sheet structure partially surrounding peroxisomes. This fact suggests that chloroplasts might construct large sheet structures that would be related to the formation of chloroplast pockets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional ultrastructure of chloroplast pockets formed under salinity stress

Yamane

Enomoto

et al. 2018

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…All eight of these enzymes were identified in this study. The role of dicarboxylate transporters in photorespiration was elaborately discussed in several plant species in ammonia assimilation (Buchner et al 2015). Here we identified three dicarboxylate transporter homologs that were highly expressed in AP13.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative transcriptome profiling of upland (VS16) and lowland (AP13) ecotypes of switchgrass

et al. 2016

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Key message Transcriptomes of two switchgrass genotypes representing the upland and lowland ecotypes will be key tools in switchgrass genome annotation and biotic and abiotic stress functional genomics. AbstractSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is an important bioenergy feedstock for cellulosic ethanol production. We report genome-wide transcriptome profiling of two contrasting tetraploid switchgrass genotypes, VS16 and AP13, representing the upland and lowland ecotypes, respectively. A total of 268 million Illumina short reads (50 nt) were generated, of which, 133 million were obtained in AP13 and the rest 135 million in VS16. More than 90% of these reads were mapped to the switchgrass reference genome (V1.1). We identified 6619 and 5369 differentially expressed genes in VS16 and AP13, respectively. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis identified key genes that regulate important pathways including C4 photosynthesis, photorespiration and phenylpropanoid metabolism. A series of genes (33) involved in photosynthetic pathway were up-regulated in AP13 but only two genes showed higher expression in VS16. We identified three dicarboxylate transporter homologs that were highly expressed in AP13. Additionally, genes that mediate drought, heat, and salinity tolerance were also identified. Vesicular transport proteins, syntaxin and signal recognition particles were seen to be up-regulated in VS16. Analyses of selected genes involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant–pathogen interaction, membrane transporters, heat, drought and salinity stress responses confirmed significant variation in the relative expression reflected in RNA-Seq data between VS16 and AP13 genotypes. The phenylpropanoid pathway genes identified here are potential targets for biofuel conversion.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00299-016-2065-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Cold stress has been widely related to the induction of chloroplast protrusions (Lütz, ; Lütz et al , ), although other stressors such as salinity and nutrient deficiency can also trigger the appearance of protrusions in model plants (Vismans et al , ). Recent studies have indicated that conditions favouring photorespiration might also promote their appearance (Moser et al , ; Buchner et al , ). Thus, the role of chloroplast protrusions in plants living in extreme environments still requires further functional studies.…”

Section: Photobiochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

How do vascular plants perform photosynthesis in extreme environments? An integrative ecophysiological and biochemical story

et al. 2020

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Summary In this work, we review the physiological and molecular mechanisms that allow vascular plants to perform photosynthesis in extreme environments, such as deserts, polar and alpine ecosystems. Specifically, we discuss the morpho/anatomical, photochemical and metabolic adaptive processes that enable a positive carbon balance in photosynthetic tissues under extreme temperatures and/or severe water‐limiting conditions in C3 species. Nevertheless, only a few studies have described the in situ functioning of photoprotection in plants from extreme environments, given the intrinsic difficulties of fieldwork in remote places. However, they cover a substantial geographical and functional range, which allowed us to describe some general trends. In general, photoprotection relies on the same mechanisms as those operating in the remaining plant species, ranging from enhanced morphological photoprotection to increased scavenging of oxidative products such as reactive oxygen species. Much less information is available about the main physiological and biochemical drivers of photosynthesis: stomatal conductance (gs), mesophyll conductance (gm) and carbon fixation, mostly driven by RuBisCO carboxylation. Extreme environments shape adaptations in structures, such as cell wall and membrane composition, the concentration and activation state of Calvin–Benson cycle enzymes, and RuBisCO evolution, optimizing kinetic traits to ensure functionality. Altogether, these species display a combination of rearrangements, from the whole‐plant level to the molecular scale, to sustain a positive carbon balance in some of the most hostile environments on Earth.

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Formation of chloroplast protrusions and catalase activity in alpine Ranunculus glacialis under elevated temperature and different CO2/O2 ratios

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Three‐dimensional ultrastructure of chloroplast pockets formed under salinity stress

Three‐dimensional ultrastructure of chloroplast pockets formed under salinity stress

Comparative transcriptome profiling of upland (VS16) and lowland (AP13) ecotypes of switchgrass

How do vascular plants perform photosynthesis in extreme environments? An integrative ecophysiological and biochemical story

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