Formation of dendrite crystals in poly(ethylene oxide) interacting with bioresourceful tannin

Yen, Kai Cheng; Woo, Eamor M.

doi:10.1007/s00289-008-0005-z

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Typical α‐crystal spherulites are found in pure iPP and shows that the lamellae radially grow from the center of a spherulite until it impinges on other spherulites. Both α‐ and β‐crystal spherulites are found in the blends with 10 and 15 wt% PEO, and the β‐phase region can be distinguished from the α‐phase region in the SEM topographic image, which is in agreement with the literature,36, 37 The structural character of β‐crystals differs from that of α‐crystals because: (1) the β‐phase is more easily etched by the mixed acid solution than the α‐phase; (2) the arrangement of lamellae in the β‐crystal is loose; and (3) significant branching occurs in the β‐crystal spherulite. So, in the SEM micrographs, the bright crystalline domain can be designated as the β‐phase, while the darker one can be designated as the α‐phase.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Toughening of polypropylene with crystallizable poly(ethylene oxide)

Liu

Gao

et al. 2011

Polymer International

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A crystallizable polymer, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), was used as new modifier to tailor the toughness of isotactic polypropylene (iPP). An optimum performance was achieved at a medium PEO content of 15 wt% where the toughness was enhanced by 300%, while the strength only decreased slightly. To elucidate the origin of toughening in the iPP/PEO blends, various crystallographic and morphological experiments including X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and calorimetry were adopted to explore the dependences of polymorphic composition and crystallized morphology on PEO content. When the PEO content is less than 15 wt%, the dispersed PEO cannot crystallize, and these non-crystalline PEO microspheres are embedded in both α-and β-form iPP spherulites, which is mainly responsible for the toughening. In contrast, when the PEO content is higher than 15 wt%, the PEO phase becomes crystallizable, and significant phase segregation takes place, resulting in a marked deterioration in mechanical properties.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Toughening of polypropylene with crystallizable poly(ethylene oxide)

Liu

Gao

et al. 2011

Polymer International

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“…Moreover, it has been reported that polyphenols can bind with natural or synthetic polymers to form plenty of functional materials including microcapsules, multilayer films, and NPs. For example, TA as a hydrogen bond donor can interact with the hydrogen bond acceptor-containing polymers like poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), [61,62] poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVPON), [63,64] and PEG. [65] The pyrogallol or catechol moieties in TA can interact with the carbonyl groups of PVPON (also called PVP) and the ether groups of PEG via multiple hydrogen bonding.…”

Section: Noncovalent Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenol‐Containing Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, and Therapeutic Delivery

et al. 2021

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Polyphenols, the phenolic hydroxyl group-containing organic molecules, are widely found in natural plants and have shown beneficial effects on human health. Recently, polyphenol-containing nanoparticles have attracted extensive research attention due to their antioxidation property, anticancer activity, and universal adherent affinity, and thus have shown great promise in the preparation, stabilization, and modification of multifunctional nanoassemblies for bioimaging, therapeutic delivery, and other biomedical applications. Additionally, the metal−polyphenol networks, formed by the coordination interactions between polyphenols and metal ions, have been used to prepare an important class of polyphenol-containing nanoparticles for surface modification, bioimaging, drug delivery, and disease treatments. By focusing on the interactions between polyphenols and different materials (e.g., metal ions, inorganic materials, polymers, proteins, and nucleic acids), a comprehensive review on the synthesis and properties of the polyphenol-containing nanoparticles is provided. Moreover, the remarkable versatility of polyphenol-containing nanoparticles in different biomedical applications, including biodetection, multimodal bioimaging, protein and gene delivery, bone repair, antibiosis, and cancer theranostics is also demonstrated. Finally, the challenges faced by future research regarding the polyphenol-containing nanoparticles are discussed.

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“…Besides, semi-crystalline polymers diluted with another strongly-interacting amorphous polymer were also found to have the ability to form well-defined dendritic patterns [11][12][13][14][15] . Tannic acid (TA), with multi-phenol groups, has been reported to have a strong interaction with some semi-crystalline polymers with carbonyl groups and further induce diversified morphologies [11][12][13] . With the diluent effect of TA, the morphology of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) transformed from typical spherulites with normal Maltese-cross extinction into feather-like dendritic spherulites.…”

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confidence: 99%

Periodic Fractal-Growth Branching to Nano-Structured Grating Aggregation in Phthalic Acid

Chen

Woo

2020

Sci Rep

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Small-molecule phthalic acid (PA), confined in micrometer thin films, was crystallized in the presence of strongly interacting tannic acid (TA) to investigate crystal assembly and correlation between banded patterns and branching structures. Several compositions of the mixture of ethanol/water solutions and evaporation temperatures were also manipulated to investigate the kinetic effects on the morphology of PA crystals. With increasing evaporation rate, the morphology of PA crystals systematically changes from circular-banded spherulites to highly ordered grating-banded patterns. A unique periodic fractalbranch pattern with contrasted birefringent bands exists at intermediate evaporation rate, and this unique grating architecture has never been found in other banded crystals. Crystal assembly of these three periodic morphologies was analyzed by utilizing atomic-force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to reveal the mechanisms of formation of hierarchical structures of PA. The detailed growth mechanisms of the novel fractal-branching assembly into circular-or grating-banded patterns are analyzed in this work.Cooling of a matter in liquid state causes it to crystallize into either 2D or 3D ordered states. The crystallization process may occur in sequential steps to gradually increase the degree of order while in the meantime the hierarchical aggregation structures may diversify in patterns and vary significantly in increasingly higher-order morphologies. Crystallization of atoms or molecular compounds into ordered states has been a complex yet fascinating phenomenon that has attracted extensive scientific studies from classical to modern times, to cite just a few recent examples 1-3 . Self-assembly of organic or inorganic compounds, of either small-molecules or polymers, has been interesting and intriguing, yet complex issues, in soft matters either synthetic or natural. Fractal patterns are widely seen in hierarchical structural assemblies in natural materials. Khire and Yadavalli, et al. 4 by using high-resolution atomic-force microscopy (AFM), investigated the fractal self-assembly of silk protein sericin [a protein by Bombyx mori (silkworms) in producing silk], and observed the fractal structure of the silk protein's self-assembly, where they proposed that the protein globules may be thought to act as seeds for the subsequent attachment of protein molecules and the formation of the fractal architectures. Guo et al. 5 studied the relationship between the fractal-ladder viscoelastic behavior of bio-fibers with fractal ladder hyper-cell structures. Snowflakes or aggregates of self-similar snow/ice single crystals are well known to be an excellent example of fractal patterns in nature. Yang, et al. 6 proposed the fractal growth kinematics of snow-flakes with many self-similar multilevel small structures. Crystalline morphology is governed by the cooperation of the driving force of crystallization and the transport of atom, ions, molecules, and heat. 7 When the growth condition is relatively...

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Formation of dendrite crystals in poly(ethylene oxide) interacting with bioresourceful tannin

Cited by 33 publications

References 19 publications

Toughening of polypropylene with crystallizable poly(ethylene oxide)

Toughening of polypropylene with crystallizable poly(ethylene oxide)

Polyphenol‐Containing Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, and Therapeutic Delivery

Periodic Fractal-Growth Branching to Nano-Structured Grating Aggregation in Phthalic Acid

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