Formation of disinfection by-products during chlorination of organic matter from phoenix tree leaves and Chlorella vulgaris

Carbonaceous DBP (THMs and HAAs) formation during Cl2 and ClO2 treatment of aqueous soluble fractions of soil derived natural organic matter

“…Determination of the dominance of tri- or di-HAAs is important from the point of view of the overall toxicity. 52 In the present study, di-HAAs were observed to be more readily formed compared to tri-HAAs, with no detectable level of mono-HAAs during ClO 2 treatment of all the isolated fractions of soil. The ratio of tri-HAAs to di-HAA was higher for the acid leachable fraction (0.33) than that of the base leachable organic content of soil (0.05).…”

Disinfection of bromide-containing tryptophan water by UV/chlorine: brominated halonitromethane formation, impact factors, and pathways

“…17,18 Dissolved organic nitrogen compounds (DON; e.g., amine, nitrile, amino acids, pyrimidine, purine, and nitro compounds) are considered to be common precursors that can be transformed into various N-DBPs, which can also be converted into Br-HNM in chlorinated waters with the existence of Br − through reactions including electron transfer and electrophilic aromatic substitution. [19][20][21][22][23] Among these DON, amino acids (AAs) found in surface water environments are at concentrations ranging from ng L −1 to μg L −1 , and it has been demonstrated in previous studies that some AAs (e.g., glycine, threonine, lysine, tryptophan, and aspartic acid) can be transformed into HNMs including Br-HNMs. 21,[24][25][26][27] Nevertheless, there are still some AAs that have not been investigated and the mechanisms of Br-HNM generation from AAs such as tryptophan during the UV/chlorine process have not been revealed deeply.…”

Molecular insights of 2,6‐dichlorobenzoquinone‐induced cytotoxicity in zebrafish embryo: Activation of ROS‐mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis

“…Disinfection byproducts (DBPs), are unintendedly produced from the reaction of disinfectants with dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water, which have been regarded as a considerable threat to public health. 1,2 To date, more than 700 DBPs were identified in drinking water, of them, trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids had been classified as the regulated DBPs in drinking water due to their frequent occurrence and higher health risks. [3][4][5] Although some emerging DBPs levels is far lower than that of regulated DBPs, they have been proved to be more toxic than regulated DBPs, thus the presence of emerging DBPs in water pose potential health risk on public health.…”

“…Disinfection byproducts (DBPs), are unintendedly produced from the reaction of disinfectants with dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water, which have been regarded as a considerable threat to public health 1,2 . To date, more than 700 DBPs were identified in drinking water, of them, trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids had been classified as the regulated DBPs in drinking water due to their frequent occurrence and higher health risks 3–5 .…”