Formation of Drawing- or Radiation-Induced Defects    in Germanium-Doped Silica Core Optical Fiber

Hayashi, Yoshinori; Okuda, Yoshinobu; Mitera, Hisamitsu; Kato, Keizo

doi:10.1143/jjap.33.l233

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The production concentration of germanium is so high that the stability and policies in producing countries will significantly influence the global germanium market. Moreover, the end use of germanium-doped fiber has the advantages of large capacity, small light loss, low dispersion, long transmission distance, and lack of environmental interference ( Hayashi et al., 1994 ). It is the only fiber that can be widely used on an engineering scale with no substitutes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criticality assessment of metal resources in China

Wang

Cao

et al. 2021

iScience

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With the development of modern industries, the sustainability of critical resources has attracted worldwide attention considering the entire supply chain. With a large industrial sector size in China, a safe supply of metal resources is crucial to ensure the effective operation of the whole industry. Although specific criticality analyses have been applied to identify critical resources in some regions, including Europe and the USA, they are not ready to be directly applied in the case of China because the structure of China's industry is remarkably different from other areas. In this research, a three-dimensional methodology considering supply safety, domestic economy, and environmental risk is demonstrated, where Chinese industrial conditions are specifically considered. In total, 64 materials were introduced to perform the criticality assessment, and 18 metals were classified with a high criticality degree in the three-dimensional criticality space. With the obtained findings decision-makers can formulate strategic deployment to promote resource management. INTRODUCTIONMetal resources, which are foundational to economic and social development, are crucial for ensuring the sustainable development of the global manufacturing industry. In the 21st century, the consumption of critical metals increased sharply, leading to a greater demand and supply risk of global metal resources (Eggert and Roderick, 2011;Hayes and McCullough, 2018). To cope with the potential supply risk of mineral resources in the future, many countries have taken effective measures (China, Ministry of Land and Resources of the People's Republic of China, 2016a;Gardner and Colwill, 2018;Rabe et al., 2017). To minimize imports and dependence, the United States is accelerating the security of supply by actively promoting the extraction and recycling of domestic critical mineral resources (DOE.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criticality assessment of metal resources in China

Wang

Cao

et al. 2021

iScience

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show abstract

“…The attenuation at other wavelengths not corresponding to known OHabsorption bands also increases because of increased surface scattering [13][14][15][16][17] and because of the creation of defect sites within the silica lattice arising from the fabrication process (e.g. the drawing induced band around 630nm wavelength) [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%