Formation of Free and Bound Spectator Nucleons in Hadronic Interactions between Relativistic Nuclei

Svetlichnyi, Aleksandr; Pshenichnov, I.

doi:10.3103/s1062873820080110

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As known, see, in particular [5], equally small numbers of free spectator nucleons are expected in central as well as in peripheral collisions, while the maximum of nucleon multiplicity is expected in semi-central collisions. By studies of multifragmentation of spectator matter in collisions of 197 Au with light and heavy nuclei [6] it was demonstrated that the multiplicity of intermediate-mass fragments (IMF) with 3 ≤ Z ≤ 30 is also large in semi-central events in contrast to central and peripheral ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Using Spectator Matter for Centrality Determination in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

2021

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One of the common methods to measure the centrality of nucleus-nucleus collision events consists of detecting forward spectator neutrons. Because of non-monotonic dependence of neutron numbers on centrality, other characteristics of spectator matter in 197Au–197Au collisions at NICA must be considered to improve the centrality determination. The numbers of spectator deuterons and α-particles and the forward–backward asymmetry of the numbers of free spectator nucleons were calculated with the Abrasion–Ablation Monte Carlo for Colliders (AAMCC) model as functions of event centrality. It was shown that the number of charged fragments per spectator nucleon decreases monotonically with an increase of the impact parameter, and thus can be used to estimate the collision centrality. The conditional probabilities that a given event with specific spectator characteristics belongs to a certain centrality class were calculated by means of AAMCC. Such probabilities can be used as an input to Bayesian or other machine-learning approaches to centrality determination in 197Au–197Au collisions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Using Spectator Matter for Centrality Determination in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

2021

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“…In this work we supplemented our AAMCC model [8] with a pre-equilibrium decay mechanism based on the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) clusterisation algorithm. Modelling of each event is proceeded via several stages.…”

Section: Abrasion-ablation Monte Carlo For Collidersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work we made the first step in this direction. The composition of spectator matter in collisions of 16 O with 16 O and other nuclei was modelled by means of the Abrasion-Ablation Monte Carlo for Colliders (AAMCC) [8] model with two parameterisations of nuclear density distributions in 16 O without accounting for cluster effects. The probabilities and cross sections for the production of specific elements along with the probabilities to obtain one, two or three spectator -particles in 16 O-Em (AgBr+CNO) collisions were calculated and compared with data [9,10] to validate the model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary nuclei from $^{16}$O fragmentation at the LHC

Svetlichnyi¹,

Nepeivoda²,

Kozyrev³

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics — PoS(EPS-HEP2021)

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Fragmentation of relativistic 16 O in nuclear emulsions and in future runs at the LHC was simulated with the Abrasion-Ablation Monte Carlo for Colliders (AAMCC) model. The calculated probabilities of production of specific elements as spectators in 16 O-Em collisions were found in general agreement with measurements. However, the calculated multiplicity distributions of 4 He fragments have demonstrated the underestimation of channels with single 4 He and, especially with two and three 4 He. Such a deficiency of multiple production of 4 He can be attributed to -clustering in initial 16 O. The cross sections of production of given numbers of spectator neutrons and nucleons as well as certain spectator nuclei were also calculated with AAMCC for 16 O-16 O collisions at the LHC.

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“…AAMCC [8] is based on Glauber Monte Carlo model [9] to simulate the initial geometry of colliding nuclei. Neutrons and protons are considered as spheres and sampled randomly according to the individual density distributions of neutrons and protons [9] to account for neutron skin at nuclear periphery.…”

Section: Abrasion-ablation Monte Carlo For Collidersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative yields of spectator neutrons and protons reflect their ratio in a thin nuclear periphery which remains intact beyond an extended overlap of colliding nuclei in ultracentral collisions. In this work the yields of spectator neutrons and protons in ultracentral 208 Pb-208 Pb collisions at the LHC were calculated with the latest version of the Abrasion-Ablation Monte Carlo for Colliders (AAMCC) model [8]. The sensitivity of these yields to the parameters of NS was demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectator nucleons in ultracentral $^{208}$Pb–$^{208}$Pb collisions as a probe of nuclear periphery

Kozyrev¹,

Svetlichnyi²,

Nepeivoda³

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics — PoS(LHCP2021)

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We study the composition of spectator matter in ultracentral collisions of heavy relativistic nuclei with neutron-rich periphery known as a neutron skin (NS). The yields of spectator neutrons and protons in ultracentral 208 Pb-208 Pb collisions at the LHC were calculated within a new version of Abrasion-Ablation Monte Carlo for Colliders (AAMCC) model. Calculations demonstrate variations of the cross sections ( , ) to produce given numbers of spectator neutrons and protons depending on the parameters of NS in 208 Pb, in particular, for events with low . The relative difference between ( , ) obtained with different NS thickness reaches 150%. Furthermore, the values of ( , ) calculated with same difference between neutron and proton RMS-radii, but with different neutron half-density radius and diffuseness parameter, differ by 45%. The considered cross sections can be measured in the ALICE experiment at the LHC for 208 Pb-208 Pb to restrict the parameters of NS in colliding nuclei.

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Formation of Free and Bound Spectator Nucleons in Hadronic Interactions between Relativistic Nuclei

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Using Spectator Matter for Centrality Determination in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

Using Spectator Matter for Centrality Determination in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

Secondary nuclei from $^{16}$O fragmentation at the LHC

Spectator nucleons in ultracentral $^{208}$Pb–$^{208}$Pb collisions as a probe of nuclear periphery

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