Formation of Furfural in Catalytic Transformation of Levoglucosan over Mesoporous Materials

Abstract

Catalytic transformations of levoglucosan (1‐6‐anhydro‐β‐D‐glucopyranose) and furfural were carried out in a fixed‐bed reactor at 573 K over mesoporous materials. Proton forms of MCM‐41, MCM‐48, SBA‐15, and platinum form of MCM‐48 catalysts were tested in the reaction, whereas H‐Beta and quartz sand were used as reference materials. The yield of the transformation products was substantially influenced by the catalyst structures. Oxygenated species were the main liquid products, consisting mainly of aldehydes and furfural. The formation of furfural was the highest over MCM‐41 catalyst followed by SBA‐15, MCM‐48, and H‐Beta catalyst. All catalysts were to some extent deactivated due to coke formation. However, it was possible to successfully regenerate the spent catalysts without changing the structure.

One-pot conversion of furfural to useful bio-products in the presence of a Sn,Al-containing zeolite beta catalyst prepared via post-synthesis routes

“…The bio-product 2BMF seems to be converted faster to AnLs (k 4 ) than to 2BL (k 5 ), consistent 40 with the reactivity trends observed with FEs as substrates. The formation of 2BL seems limited by the relatively slow LA-to-2BL (k 7 ) and 2BMF-to-2BL (k 5 ) steps.…”

“…Zeolite beta and its modified versions are known to be effective catalysts for several reactions concerning the valorisation of biomass, e.g. corn fiber to Fur [38]; levuglucosan (an intermediate of (hemi)cellulose pyrolysis) to glucose [39] or Fur [40]; saccharides to Fur [41,42], 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) [42][43][44][45][46][47], or LEs [48,49]; cellulose and hemicelluloses to diesel [50]; hemicelluloses to polyols [51]; C-3 sugar to methyl lactate and lactic acid [52]; FA to 2-(ethoxymethyl)furfural (EMF) and ethyl levulinate (EL) [53]; biodegradable surfactants via acetalisation [54] or etherification of HMF [55]; Fur to GVL [4]; pyrolysis of biomass or derived compounds to aromatic/aliphatic 4 hydrocarbons [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]; sugarcane bagasse to bio-oil and upgrading to fuel [67]; co-conversion of biogenic waste and vegetable oil [68]; and pyrolysis of organosolv lignin to phenolic compounds [69,70]. The introduction of different elements into zeolite beta widens its catalytic potential.…”

Shape selectivity and acidity effects in glycerol acetylation with acetic anhydride: Selective synthesis of triacetin over Y-zeolite and sulfonated mesoporous carbons

“…The H-form of the H-Beta-150 and H-Beta-300 zeolite catalysts was obtained using step calcination procedure as follows: 60 min-250°C, 40 min-250°C, 50 min-450°C, 240 min-450°C and 100 min-25°C. The mesoporous zeolites MCM-41 and MCM-48 were synthesized following standard methods reported in the literature, and the specific details of the synthesis and characterization results have already been reported by us elsewhere [11]. Here, the numbers in {} after the zeolite names correspond to the SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio in the structure.…”

Catalysis for Lignocellulosic Biomass Processing: Methodological Aspects

“…In [45] for HPLC analysis of reaction products an acid Aminex cation H? column with sulfuric acid (0.005 M) as a mobile phase with a flow of 0.5 ml/min at 338 K was used, in addition to an Aminex HPX-87C column and mobile phase-calcium sulfate (1.2 mM) with a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min at 353 K. Figure 4 illustrates that the separation is very much dependent on the analytical conditions.…”