Formation of Hadean granites by melting of igneous crust

Burnham, Antony D.; Berry, Andrew J.

doi:10.1038/ngeo2942

Cited by 131 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Before this time, it is thought that the atmosphere of the early Earth may have been dominated by CO 2 on the basis that 1) the inferred oxidation state of the mantle was close to the quartz-fayalite-magnetite mineral buffer (QFM, [38]), and 2) that a CO 2 dominated atmosphere is necessary for resolving the faint young sun paradox [31,39] . However, cerium anomalies in Hadean zircons indicate that the crust-atmosphere system of the early Earth, older than 4 Ga, was relatively more reducing than its contemporaneous mantle would suggest [40,41]. Yang et al [40] attribute this to impact bombardment 'buffering' the f O 2 of the early crust.…”

Section: Nitrogen and Carbon On Early Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Life’s Building Blocks in Carbon- and Nitrogen-Rich Surface Hydrothermal Vents

Rimmer

Shorttle

2019

Life

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There are two dominant and contrasting classes of origin of life scenarios: those predicting that life emerged in submarine hydrothermal systems, where chemical disequilibrium can provide an energy source for nascent life; and those predicting that life emerged within subaerial environments, where UV catalysis of reactions may occur to form the building blocks of life. Here, we describe a prebiotically plausible environment that draws on the strengths of both scenarios: surface hydrothermal vents. We show how key feedstock molecules for prebiotic chemistry can be produced in abundance in shallow and surficial hydrothermal systems. We calculate the chemistry of volcanic gases feeding these vents over a range of pressures and basalt C/N/O contents. If ultra-reducing carbon-rich nitrogen-rich gases interact with subsurface water at a volcanic vent they result in 10 − 3 – 1 M concentrations of diacetylene (C4H2), acetylene (C2H2), cyanoacetylene (HC3N), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), bisulfite (likely in the form of salts containing HSO3−), hydrogen sulfide (HS−) and soluble iron in vent water. One key feedstock molecule, cyanamide (CH2N2), is not formed in significant quantities within this scenario, suggesting that it may need to be delivered exogenously, or formed from hydrogen cyanide either via organometallic compounds, or by some as yet-unknown chemical synthesis. Given the likely ubiquity of surface hydrothermal vents on young, hot, terrestrial planets, these results identify a prebiotically plausible local geochemical environment, which is also amenable to future lab-based simulation.

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Section: Nitrogen and Carbon On Early Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of Life’s Building Blocks in Carbon- and Nitrogen-Rich Surface Hydrothermal Vents

Rimmer

Shorttle

2019

Life

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“…The inserted figure is a cartoon illustrating the lattice strain model of trace element partitioning for a crystal estimated directly without assigning a value to r 3þ 0 . The same method was used by Burnham and Berry (2017). D zircon=melt Ce 4þ can be estimated in a similar way.…”

Section: Ionicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the zircon Ce anomaly for estimation of oxidation state of magmas: a revised Ce/Ce* method

Zhong

Seltmann

et al. 2019

Miner Petrol

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As a proxy of magmatic oxidation state, the accurate characterization of the Ce anomaly of zircon is of great significance since it can give important information for provenance studies of rocks as well as for exploration of intrusion-related mineral deposits. The magnitude of the zircon Ce anomaly has been traditionally described by Ce/Ce*, where Ce* is the theoretical Ce value derived from a chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) pattern. More recently, the Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ method based on the lattice strain model has been proposed, since the latter method does not need La and Pr contents for zircon, both of which are commonly below the limit of detection and susceptible to contamination from melt/mineral inclusions. In this contribution we show that the Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ method is confronted with some problems in practice and should be further improved. In contrast, by re-examining chondrite-normalized REE patterns of zircon, we find that Ce* can be estimated according to a logarithmic function curve without involvement of La and Pr contents. Application of this new method to zircon data from 11 giant to supergiant porphyry Cu deposits suggests this revised method as a more valid measure in evaluating magmatic oxidation state. The revised Ce/Ce* method is of particular importance for analyses where the provenance of the analyzed zircon is unknown or in question, since the method does not require knowledge of the melt composition.

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“…Data from Hadean zircons (26 grains) was reduced manually (Burnham and Berry, 2017) and using LAtools (Table 7, Fig. 7).…”

Section: Comparison Of Zircon Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beyond traceability, LAtools is fast and flexible, and facilitates the rapid evaluation of the influence of multiple filtering regimes on LA- Table 7 Comparison of LA-ICPMS data from zircons processed manually (Burnham and Berry, 2017) and with LAtools. In the Residual Regression and Kolmogorov Smirnov sections, bold values are significant at the p < 0.05 level.…”

Section: Advantages Of Latoolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…combined trace element and stable isotope analyses; Vetter et al, 2017). These capabilities have made LA-ICPMS popular across the Earth and Environmental Sciences, from geochemistry (Jackson et al, 2004;Burnham and Berry, 2017) to archaeology (Gratuze, 1999), biomineralization (Eggins et al, 2004;Spero et al, 2015) and paleoclimate research (Müller and Fietzke, 2016;Gothmann et al, 2015;Jochum et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LAtools: A data analysis package for the reproducible reduction of LA-ICPMS data

et al. 2019

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Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) is an increasingly popular analytical technique, that is able to provide spatially resolved, minimally destructive analyses of heterogeneous materials. The data produced by this technique are inherently complex, and require extensive processing and subjective expert interpretation to produce useful compositional data. At present, laboratories employ diverse protocols for data processing, and the reporting of these protocols is usually insufficient to allow data processing to be independently replicated, rendering the resulting data untraceable. Importantly, different expert users can obtain significantly different results from the same raw data using nominally identical processing workflows, depending on how 'contaminants' are identified and excluded, and which regions of signal are selected as representative of the composition of the sample. The irreproducibility of LA-ICPMS is a significant problem for the technique, but the complexity of the raw data has been a major hindrance to developing traceable data processing workflows. Here, we present LAtools-a free, open-source Python package for LA-ICPMS data processing designed with reproducibility at its core. The software performs basic data processing with similar efficacy to existing software, and brings a number of new data selection algorithms to facilitate reproducible reduction of LA-ICPMS data. We discuss the key advances of LAtools, and compare its output to trace metal analysis of marine CaCO 3 (foraminifera) processed both manually and with Iolite, and to manually processed trace element data from zircon grains.

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Formation of Hadean granites by melting of igneous crust

Cited by 131 publications

References 52 publications

Origin of Life’s Building Blocks in Carbon- and Nitrogen-Rich Surface Hydrothermal Vents

Origin of Life’s Building Blocks in Carbon- and Nitrogen-Rich Surface Hydrothermal Vents

Characterization of the zircon Ce anomaly for estimation of oxidation state of magmas: a revised Ce/Ce* method

LAtools: A data analysis package for the reproducible reduction of LA-ICPMS data

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