Formation of Hydroxy-Al and -Fe Interlayers in Montmorillonite and Vermiculite: Influence of Particle Size and Temperature

Carstea, D. D.

doi:10.1346/ccmn.1968.0160305

Cited by 52 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The appearance of larger than normal montmorillonite spacings, similar to those observed in this study, have been reported in aluminum (Sawhney, 1968;Carstea, 1968) and magnesium interlayered montmorillonite (Caillrre and H6nin, 1949). Upon heating (~ 100 ~ C) these spacings were found to collapse to approximately 14 A, suggesting the spacings to be, in part, a function of relative humidity.…”

Section: Phsupporting

confidence: 89%

Hg-complex intergrades in smectite

Blatter

1973

Clays and clay miner.

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Section: Phsupporting

confidence: 89%

Hg-complex intergrades in smectite

Blatter

1973

Clays and clay miner.

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“…Na-vermiculite adsorbed a smaller amount of polymer than did Na-montmorillonite. This is in line with the observation of Carstea (1968). The Ai polymers in solution, with an initial basicity of 2.1 and below, are believed to be in the form of single ring units of composition [AI6(OH)x~] 6 § or double ring units, [AI~o(OH)22] s+ (Hsu and Bates, 1964a).…”

Section: Adsorption Of Hydroxy-a1supporting

confidence: 85%

Adsorption of Hydroxy-Al by Certain Phyllosilicates and its Relation to K/Ca Cation Exchange Selectivity

Kozak

1971

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstract-The adsorption of hydroxy-Al by the 2-0.2/x size fractions of muscovite, biotite, Kdepleted micas, vermiculite and montmorillonite was studied. The differences in the amounts of hydroxy-Al adsorbed were apparently related to the expansibility and layer charge of minerals, the ionic saturation and degree of K-depletion, the basicity (OH/AI ratio) of the equilibrating hydroxy-Al solution, and the solution-clay ratio. The CEC reduction was not necessarily proportional to the amount of AI adsorbed because CEC reduction may occur through occupation of cation exchange sites by hydroxy-AI, or through hindrance to the entry of the replacing cation to these sites. Aluminum interlayering generally increases the K/Ca cation exchange selectivity (CES) of Na-vermiculite and K-depleted biotite, whereas the K/Ca CES of Na-montmorillonite was little affected. The basicity of the initial hydroxy-Al solution appeared to affect the K/Ca CES of Na-vermiculite and K-depleted biotite by controlling the amount of hydroxyl-Al adsorbed. The data indicate that in addition to the "propping effect", hydroxy-Al interlayers may affect the K/Ca CES through the following mechanisms; (1) the "preferential occupation" of Ca adsorbing sites, and/or (2) the "retarding effect" on the entry of the more hydrated Ca ions.

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“…Acidic percolating waters in soils mostly activate Al hydroxides to precipitate in the interlayer space of vermiculite, not only in vermiculites of the clay fraction but also in those of the silt fraction (Jackson 1963, Carstea 1968, Carstea et al 1970. Carstea et al (1970) have shown that Al interlayers can be formed in vermiculites, even in a short period of time.…”

Section: Origin Of Clay Minerals In the Fine Fraction Of Tillmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between mineralogy and the physico-chemical properties of till in central Finland

Räisänen¹,

Tenhola²,

Mäkinen³

1992

Bull Geol Soc Finland

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: Relationship between mineralogy and the physico-chemical properties of till in central Finland. Bull. Geo!. Soc. Finland 64, Part 1,.The chemical and physical characteristics of the fine fraction of till were examined in the area of the Raahe-Ladoga metallogenic belt in central Finland. Till, weathered bedrock and rock samples were collected from the area, where element concentrations of till abruptly ranged from high in an anomalous zone (NE) to low in a non-anomalous zone (SW). The grain size distribution, specific surface area and unit weight, and the leachability of elements measured with several chemical methods were determined from the fine fraction (<0.06 mm) of till. The mineralogical composition of the fine fraction of till and weathered bedrock was established with the X-ray diffraction method (XRD), and the chemical composition of rock samples with the X-ray fluorescence method (XRF).The main factor affecting the increased element concentrations in the anomalous zone is the variation in mica and clay mineral types. The abundance of trioctahedral micas (biotite) and vermiculitic clays carrying most of the trace metals dissolved in aqua regia, has affected to the geochemical pattern of till in the study area. The concentrations of trace metals in the iron precipitates extracted with acid oxalate were too low to be used as evidence of the hydromorphic origin of the anomalous zone. The abundance of main silicates (quartz, feldspars) does not vary much in the fine fraction of till throughout the study area.The absence of the swelling smectite component from the surface layers of till indicates that the source was not the underlying weathered bedrock. The till with a vermiculitic mixed-layer mineral in the anomalous zone contains more material from old sediments weathered during interstadial or interglacial time than does the till with a low clay content in the non-anomalous zone. The abrupt change in the mineralogical and physical properties of till in the study area is suggested to be attributed to the difference in the transport and accumulation dynamics of overburden during deglaciation.

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Formation of Hydroxy-Al and -Fe Interlayers in Montmorillonite and Vermiculite: Influence of Particle Size and Temperature

Cited by 52 publications

References 26 publications

Hg-complex intergrades in smectite

Hg-complex intergrades in smectite

Adsorption of Hydroxy-Al by Certain Phyllosilicates and its Relation to K/Ca Cation Exchange Selectivity

Relationship between mineralogy and the physico-chemical properties of till in central Finland

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