Formation of Liquid–Liquid Micropatterns through Guided Liquid Displacement on Liquid‐Infused Surfaces

Paulssen, Dorothea; Feng, Wenqian; Pini, Ivana; Levkin, Pavel A.

doi:10.1002/admi.201800852

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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Section: Patterned Slipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…energy patterns ( Figure 3C). [83] By changing the chemical patterning from fluorinated to aliphatic groups, patterns of mineral and silicone oils could be created. This method could be used to pattern perfluoro oils into designer-shape droplets, and to demonstrate formation of 2D micropatterns of threephase liquid systems (fluorinated, organic, and aqueous), which is usually difficult to achieve without superhydrophobicsuperoleophobic-hydrophilic patterns.…”

Section: Patterned Slipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Slippery Lubricant‐Infused Surfaces: Properties and Emerging Applications

Ueda

Paulssen

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

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192

138

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Bioinspired lubricant-infused surfaces exhibit various unique properties attributed to their liquid-like and molecularly smooth nature. Excellent liquid repellency and "slippery" properties, self-healing, antiicing, anticorrosion characteristics, enhanced heat transfer, antibiofouling, and cell-repellent properties have been already demonstrated. This progress report highlights some of the recent developments in this rapidly growing area, focusing on properties of lubricant-infused surfaces, and their emerging applications as well as some future challenges.coatings. [8] In order to solve the abovementioned limitations of traditional superhydrophobic and superoleophobic surfaces, Quéré, Aizenberg, and Varanasi proposed bioinspired slippery liquidinfused porous surface (SLIPS) or lubricant-impregnated surfaces combining the mechanical stability of a solid substrate with the liquid-like properties and molecularly smoothness of the lubricant interface. [9a-d] It should be noted that stabilization of a lubricant layer on solid surfaces by forming a thin polymer film that can be swollen in the lubricant was introduced in 1988 by Karakelle and Zdrahala from Bekton, Dickinson and Company.[9e] They also demonstrated excellent long-term stability, liquid repellency, and proposed various medical applications of lubricant-impregnated surfaces. SLIPSs mimic the Nepenthes pitcher plant surface, [10] which is textured and can be lubricated with an aqueous solution. [11] The unique slippery character of the [9a] Nepenthes pitcher plant's surface resulting from water lubrication helps it capture insects sliding into its interior. To mimic the Nepenthes pitcher plant surface, a lubricating hydrophobic liquid can be infused into different hydrophobic porous or rough substrates to form SLIPS. [9] By matching the surface energy of the underlying porous substrate and the hydrophobic lubricant, the liquid can be stabilized on the surface of the substrate to form SLIPS. [9a] Depending on the impregnated lubricant, SLIPSs possess excellent repellency and drop mobility to a broad range of liquids including low surface tension liquids, and complex fluids such as blood or cell medium. [9a] This liquid repellency as well as SLIPS′ self-healing properties are due to the mobility of the lubricant trapped inside the porous surface structures. [12] Lubricant-infused surfaces demonstrated icephobic, stainresistant, biofilm-or cell-repellent or marine antibiofouling properties as well as tolerance to high pressure and transparency. [9,13] All of these unique properties make SLIPS interesting for the development of novel functional materials and various practical applications.The goal of this progress report is not to comprehensively review this broad and dynamic research field but rather highlight selected important aspects that have been less reviewed so far despite their potential. Some important and related papers could not be cited due to the length limitations. We also refer readers to several excellent reviews covering applications of ...

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Section: Patterned Slipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Patterned Slipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slippery Lubricant‐Infused Surfaces: Properties and Emerging Applications

Ueda

Paulssen

et al. 2018

Adv Funct Materials

Self Cite

192

138

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“…demonstrated the use of superhydrophobic–hydrophilic patterns to create designer multiphase droplets to confine an organic liquid droplet inside an aqueous droplet or for miniaturized liquid–liquid–liquid extraction application. [ 27,28 ] Other solid‐wall‐free strategies to confine liquids include embedding of water into a matrix of viscous poly(dimethylsiloxane) oil, [ 29,30 ] water–oil emulsions in microfluidic devices, [ 31,32 ] and aqueous channels held by immiscible magnetic liquid barriers. [ 33 ] With these strategies, however, only water can be confined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Wells as Self‐Healing, Functional Analogues to Solid Vessels

et al. 2021

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Liquids are traditionally handled and stored in solid vessels. Solid walls are not functional, adaptive, or self‐repairing, and are difficult to remove and re‐form. Liquid walls can overcome these limitations, but cannot form free‐standing 3D walls. Herein, a liquid analogue of a well, termed a “liquid well” is introduced. Water tethered to a surface with hydrophobic–hydrophilic core–shell patterns forms stable liquid walls capable of containing another immiscible fluid, similar to fluid confinement by solid walls. Liquid wells with different liquids, volumes, and shapes are prepared and investigated by confocal and Raman microscopy. The confinement of various low‐surface‐tension liquids (LSTLs) on surfaces by liquid wells can compete with or be complementary to existing confinement strategies using perfluorinated surfaces, for example, in terms of the shape and height of the confined LSTLs. Liquid wells show unique properties arising from their liquid aggregate state: they are self‐healing, dynamic, and functional, that is, not restricted to a passive confining role. Water walls can be easily removed and re‐formed, making them interesting as sacrificial templates. This is demonstrated in a process termed water‐templated polymerization (WTP). Numerical phase‐field model simulations are performed to scrutinize the conditions required for the formation of stable liquid wells.

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“…Levkin et al also demonstrated droplet sorting and manipulation on chemically patterned lubricated slippery surfaces using two different lubricants corresponding to the two different regions of the chemical pattern. [24] They prepared millimeter-sized chemically patterned porous polymer surfaces to confine similar-sized drops, which slip preferably on a particular lubricating fluid over the other lubricant of the other region. The boundary between the chemically patterned regions and two different types of lubricants provided the energy barrier to confine and guide drops during gravity-driven motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic Motion of Aqueous Drops on Lubricated Chemically Heterogenous Slippery Surfaces

Sharma

Gupta

Bhatt

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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Hydrophobic or superhydrophobic surfaces have commonly been used to produce such kind of motion, but they are not very efficient due to a large amount of pinning sites on dry surfaces. [9] Alternatively, inspired by Nepenthes pitcher plants, slippery liquid infused porous surfaces (SLIPs) provide almost frictionless motion to a variety of liquid drops. [10] Such slippery surfaces have broad-ranging applications for instance anti-icing, [11] enhanced condensation, [12] antibiofouling, [13] selfcleaning, [14] oil-water separation. [5] Due to the isotropic nature of underneath roughness or pattern (ordered or random) of a solid surface, liquid-infused slippery surfaces show uniform drop mobility in all directions. [10b,15] Studies reported earlier used anisotropic micro-or nanopatterning of the underlying solid surfaces to obtain directional motion of aqueous drops on lubricating fluid-infused slippery surfaces. [16] On such surfaces, the motion of drops is restricted only along the direction of the fabricated pattern. Recently, researchers demonstrated on-demand reversible liquid transport on lubricating fluid-infused slippery surfaces using different external stimuli, e.g., electric field, magnetic field, temperature, light, and mechanical strain on patterned lubricated surfaces. [4,14a,17] In all these examples, the pattern of underlying topography governs the direction of drop motion, and changing that direction requires repatterning of the surface. Alternatively, chemically heterogenous (CHet) surfaces, with the pattern of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, have been used in microfluidics for directional liquid transport. [18] Due to the anisotropic wetting behavior and directional motion, chemical heterogenous surfaces have recently gained a significant interest among the researchers' community and opens up a new scope to smartly control the drop motion. [18a,19] Anisotropic wetting behavior depends on both the wettability contrast and the dimensions of the alternating wettable regions. [18c,20] The major problem associated with CHet surfaces is strong pinning sites for moving drops at chemical heterogeneities, which results in reduced drop mobility on them. [19c,21] Using a lubricating film on top of chemically patterned surfaces could be helpful in addressing this problem. But one has to also worry about the stability of lubricating film on such surfaces. It has been shown that on hydrophilic surfaces, lubricating films underneath water Conventional slippery surfaces show isotropic drop mobility in all directions, whereas anisotropic drop motion may often be required to guide drops in a particular direction. In most cases, topographically structured substrates are employed to provide anisotropic drop motion, but this technique is neither efficient nor cost-effective. Current findings elucidate a novel approach to control the drop motion by virtue of designing lubricated chemically heterogenous (LCHet) surfaces. Upon depositing aqueous drops on such surfaces, the underneath lubricating film dewets only from...

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Formation of Liquid–Liquid Micropatterns through Guided Liquid Displacement on Liquid‐Infused Surfaces

Cited by 29 publications

References 66 publications

Slippery Lubricant‐Infused Surfaces: Properties and Emerging Applications

Slippery Lubricant‐Infused Surfaces: Properties and Emerging Applications

Liquid Wells as Self‐Healing, Functional Analogues to Solid Vessels

Anisotropic Motion of Aqueous Drops on Lubricated Chemically Heterogenous Slippery Surfaces

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