Formation of Lithium‐Driven Active/Inactive Nanocomposite Electrodes Based on Ca₃Co₄O₉ Nanoplates

Abstract

A new electrode material that is expected to have promising applications in energy storage and energy‐harvesting systems is presented. In this material, which consists of Ca3Co4O9 nanoplates with a high theoretical gravimetric capacity, the lithium‐driven conversion process results in the formation of active/inactive nanocomposite electrodes that mitigate the aggregation of the active nanometals (see picture).

Preparation of Brookite‐Type TiO2/Carbon Nanocomposite Electrodes for Application to Li Ion Batteries

“…Oxide hosts for Li intercalation generally have a low electronic conductivity, which necessitates the presence of electronic conduction paths in the host materials to decrease the charge-transfer resistance. [25,26] Although conducting additives such as car- [ 27] In this study we satisfied this need to provide a sufficient electronically conducting network by forming hybrid MWCNT/brookite nanocomposite materials. The high MWCNT stability in the aqueous suspension with an appropriate amount of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was maintained among the various surfactants investigated.…”

Beyond Intercalation‐Based Li‐Ion Batteries: The State of the Art and Challenges of Electrode Materials Reacting Through Conversion Reactions

“…[ 282 , 291 , 293 , 296 ] Another approach that is worth mentioning here is the inclusion of alkali earth elements, such as Ca, in the structure of a transition metal oxide, such as Co or Fe, to produce an inactive matrix of CaO upon the fi rst discharge. Certain improvements in the cycling properties of Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 [ 297 ] and Ca 3 Co 3 FeO 9 [ 298 ] with respect to Co 3 O 4 have been shown. Enhanced performance has also been observed for ZnM 2 O 4 (M = Co [ 299 ] and Mn [ 300 ] ) for which additional capacity is obtained from the formation of alloys between Li and Zn.…”

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic characterization on nano-sized Ca3Co3FeO9 electrode with enhanced capacity retention

“…The detailed synthetic procedures are discussed elsewhere [14]. The electrochemical characterization of Ca 3 Co 3 FeO 9 and Co 3 O 4 nanopowders was carried out using Swagelok-type two electrode half cells.…”

“…Recently, we reported that Ca 3 Co 4 O 9 exhibited an electrochemical conversion reaction into nanograin Co metal surrounded by a Li 2 O matrix, thereby inducing a sustained cycling performance due to the self-formation (during the first discharge) of an electrochemically inactive CaO matrix ðCa 3 Co 4 O 9 þ 12Li ! 3CaO þ 4Co þ 6Li 2 OÞ [14]. Although the inactive CaO matrix may play a key role in enhancing capacity retention, few studies have reported its role in detail.…”