Formation of local and global currents in a toroidal Bose-Einstein condensate via an inhomogeneous artificial gauge field

Abstract

We study the effects of a position-dependent artificial gauge field on an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate in quasi-one-dimensional and two-dimensional ring settings. The inhomogeneous artificial gauge field can induce global and local currents in the Bose-Einstein condensate via phase gradients along the ring and vortices, respectively. We observe two different regimes in the system depending on the radial size of the ring and the strength of the gauge field. For weak artificial gauge fields, the angular momentum increases, as expected, in a quantized manner; however, for stronger values of the fields, the angular momentum exhibits a linear (nonquantized) behavior. We also characterize the angular momentum for noncylindrically symmetric traps.

Perspective on new implementations of atomtronic circuits

“…These two domains have been mutually beneficial ever since the inception of ultracold matter. An example of such a hybridization can be found in the use of optical nanofibers surrounded by a cloud of cold atoms where the interaction between light and matter is facilitated by the evanescent field generated by the nanofiber [330][331][332][333] which can also be used to create spatially dependent artificial magnetic fields with new and exciting phenomena [334][335][336][337][338]. Here, one can use the phenomena produced in these dielectrics to affect ultracold atoms trapped in specific circuits that can be harnessed for quantum technologies, especially in sensing.…”

A method for the dynamics of vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate: analytical equations of the trajectories of phase singularities

“…Recent very appealing theoretical studies explored a wide diversity of effects. A few recent theoretical studies which illustrate the current diversity and richness of the field are vortices in spin-orbit coupled BECs [21], in densitydependent gauge potentials [22], in inhomogeneous artificial gauge fields [23], or in shell-shaped BECs [24] (for reviews in the topic, see e.g. [25][26][27]).…”