Formation of lymph follicles in draining lymph nodes after local injection of various antigenic substances in mice.

Patterns of age‐dependent changes in the numbers of lymph follicles and germinal centres in somatic and mesenteric lymph nodes in growing C57Bl/6 mice

“…In previous studies, we have shown that, in young adult C57Bl\6 mice, the popliteal lymph node, which is very small, contains 11-13 lymph follicles with only occasional germinal centres, while the brachial node, which is relatively large, contains approximately 40 follicles with several germinal centres (Hoshi et al 1986 ;Nagata et al 1996 ;Horie et al 1999). This indicates that the number of follicles per lymph node at a given stage of development varies widely among lymph nodes at different locations.…”

“…(Primary) lymph follicles develop ' spontaneously ' within the peripheral lymphoid organs during their ontogeny, and this event is thought to be antigen-independent, whereas the development of germinal centres within lymph follicles is an antigendependent phenomenon. It is known that, if properly stimulated by exogenous antigens, lymph nodes produce new lymph follicles (with or without germinal centres) outside the existing ones, resulting in an increase in the number of follicles per node (Sjo$ vall & Sjo$ vall, 1930 ;Conway, 1937 ;Hoshi et al 1984Hoshi et al , 1986Hoshi et al , 1989Horie et al 1999). The lymph nodes have been classified into 2 groups : the somatic lymph nodes, which drain the skin and underlying musculature, and the visceral lymph nodes, which drain mainly the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic organs (Tilney, 1971).…”

Lymph Follicles and Germinal Centers in Popliteal lymph Nodes and Other Lymphoid Tissues of Germ-Free and Conventional Rats.

“…These follicles may have developed mostly by way of a non-immunological mechanism. Our previous observations on the induction of lymph follicles with antigenic and mitogenic substances suggested that lymph follicle formation is triggered by substaces which stimulate either T or B lymphocytes, with concomitant activation of macrophages (Hoshi et al 1986;Hone and Hoshi 1989). It is likely that interaction of macrophages and lymphocytes may play an important role in the development of lymph follicles in the germ-free state.…”

“…lymph follicle ; germinal center ; lymph node ; Peyer's patch ; germ-free rat Although it is well established that the germinal center is an antigen-dependent structure which develops within a primary lymph follicle in association with antibody response, the formation of lymph follicle is not yet clearly understood. In previous studies (Hoshi et al 1986Hone and Hoshi 1989), we showed that when subcutaneously administered, particulate or high-molecular weight antigens and mitogens efficiently produce new lymph follicles outside pre-existing follicles in the draining lymph node, resulting in an increase in the number of lymph follicles per node ; this phenomenon is usually accompanied by germinal center development within pre-existing and newly formed follicles and plasmacytosis in the medulla, but in some cases occurs without these features. Soluble, poorly phagocytized antigens and mitogens were found to be inefficient in producing new lymph follicles, even though inducing germinal center development within pre-existing primary follicles and plasmacytosis in the medulla.…”

Morphological Changes in the Mouse Popliteal Lymph Node after Local Injection of Dextran Sulfate

“…In previous experiments, we studied the induction of lymph follicle formation with various antigenic and mitogenic substances in the draining popliteal lymph nodes of mice (Hoshi et al 1984a(Hoshi et al , 1986Hone and Hoshi 1989). The results indicated that high-molecular-weight or precipitated substances are efficient in inducing follicle, formation., whereas soluble substances are inefficient.…”