Formation of medium- and long-chain fatty alcohols in long-term stored oil and biodiesels revealed by chemical isotope labeling-liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry

Xiao, Hua-Ming; Rao, D. Rajeswara; Zhao, Shuai; Hussain, Dilshad; Chen, Jianli; Luo, Dan; Wang, Dan; Lv, Xin; Fang, Wei; Chen, Hong

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.116171

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Generally, fatty acids are classified into four groups by the chain length or the number of carbon atoms in their aliphatic chain. Short-chain fatty acids have 5 or fewer carbon atoms (e.g., butyric acid); medium-chain fatty acids have 6 to 12 carbon atoms (e.g., lauric acid); long-chain fatty acids have 13 to 21 carbon atoms (e.g., palmitic acid and oleic acid); very-long-chain fatty acids have 22 or more carbon atoms (e.g., lignoceric acid) [ 27 , 28 ]. Compared to vegetable oils, which are triglycerides (the products of the reaction between glycerol and fatty acids), FFAs in vegetable oils have much smaller molecular sizes and lower molecular weights (MW), i.e., the MWs of LA, PA, and OA are about 200.32, 256.42, and 282.46 g/mol, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Property Improvements of Silica-Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber/Butadiene Rubber Blend Incorporated with Fatty-Acid-Containing Palm Oil

Boonrasri,

Thipchai,

Sae-Oui

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Using vegetable oils as a plasticizer or processing aid in green rubber products is becoming popular due to environmental concerns. However, differences in vegetable oil processing result in varying amounts of low-molecular-weight (low-MW) free fatty acids (FFAs) in their composition, which range from 2% to 30%. This research investigated how the properties of silica-filled styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and butadiene rubber (BR) blends were affected by the presence of FFAs in palm oil (PO). The rubber compounds containing a 70/30 SBR/BR blend, 30 phr of silica, and 2 phr of bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT), and the vulcanizing agents were prepared and tested. The PO content was kept constant at 20 phr, while the number of FFAs, i.e., lauric acid (LA), palmitic acid (PA), and oleic acid (OA), in PO varied from 10–30%. The viscosity, dynamic mechanical properties, morphology, cure characteristics, and mechanical properties of the rubber blend were then measured. Regardless of the FFA types, increasing FFA content in PO decreased scorch time, cure time, minimum torque, and viscosity. As the FFA content increased, the torque difference and crosslink density also increased, which led to higher hardness, modulus, tensile strength, and abrasion resistance. The FFA types had a slight effect on the vulcanizate properties, even though LA showed slightly better mechanical properties than PA and OA. The results reveal that FFAs in PO not only improve processability but also function as a co-activator in silica-filled sulfur-vulcanized SBR/BR blend compounds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%