Formation of multimers of cucumber mosaic virus satellite RNA.

Kuroda, Tomohisa; Natsuaki, Tomohide; Wang, Weiqin; Okuda, Shigenobu

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-78-4-941

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…This activity mimics observations of RNA recombination in vivo, including the preference for A-Urich sequences and the production of multimeric satellite RNAs (6,9). The RdRp can also switch templates internal to a donor RNA then continue synthesis on an acceptor.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

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Factors regulating template switch in vitro by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases: Implications for RNA–RNA recombination

Kim

Kao

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

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Copy-choice RNA recombination occurs during viral RNA synthesis when the viral transcription complex switches templates. We demonstrate that RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from bovine viral diarrhea virus and the replicases from three plant-infecting RNA viruses can produce easily detectable recombination products in vitro by switching templates during elongative RNA synthesis. Template sequence and͞or structure, and NTP availability affected the frequency of template switch by the transcription complex. Our results provide biochemical support for copy-choice recombination and establish assays for mechanistic analyses of intermolecular RNA recombination in vitro.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…As expected, the initial incubation with RecO decreased the use of the other potential donor RNAs (compare Fig. 1C lanes 3-4 to [6][7][8]. Reactions with the 15-nt RecO and the acceptors of 12-, 15-, and 21-nt produced nonidentical recombinants (NRs) of Ϸ27, 30, and 36 nucleotides (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Factors regulating template switch in vitro by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases: Implications for RNA–RNA recombination

Kim

Kao

2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

114

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“…As reported for many subviral RNAs (9,20,27,31), multimeric molecules were also associated with BBSV sat-RNA infections. Our analyses of multimer junctions of sat-RNAs in the population of wild-type subviral RNAs demonstrated that nucleotide deletions often occur in the junction regions of head-to-tail repeats of multimeric species.…”

supporting

confidence: 61%

“…The presence of sat-RNA resulted in more local lesions on the leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor plants than did inoculation with BBSV RNA alone when the inoculum was highly diluted. Many sat-RNAs of plant viruses such as Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) (9), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) (27), Subterranean clover mottle virus (17), and Lucerne transient streak virus (31) have been found to have complicated mechanisms of replication that result in the appearance of different forms of replicating RNAs. BBSV has recently been identified as a new member of the genus Necrovirus based on the sequence of a single 3,644-nucleotide plus-strand RNA (8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences and Multimeric Forms of a Novel Satellite RNA Associated with Beet Black Scorch Virus

Guo

Cao

et al. 2005

J Virol

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The full-length sequence of a satellite RNA (sat-RNA) of Beet black scorch virus isolate X (BBSV-X) was determined. This agent is 615 nucleotides long and lacks extensive sequence homology with its helper virus or with other reported viruses. Purified virus particles contained abundant single-stranded plus-sense monomers and smaller amounts of dimers. Single-stranded RNAs from total plant RNA extracts also included primarily monomers and smaller amounts of dimers that could be revealed by hybridization, and preparations of purified double-stranded RNAs also contained monomers and dimers. Coinoculation of in vitro transcripts of sat-RNA to Chenopodium amaranticolor with BBSV RNAs was used to assess the replication and accumulation of various forms of sat-RNA, including monomers, dimers, and tetramers. Dimeric sat-RNAs with 5-or 10-base deletions or 15-base insertions within the junction regions accumulated preferentially. In contrast, the replication of monomeric sat-RNA was severely inhibited by five-nucleotide deletions in either the 5 or the 3 termini. Therefore, sequences at both the 5 and the 3 ends of the monomers or the presence of intact juxtaposed multimers is essential for the replication of sat-RNA and for the predomination of monomeric progeny. Comparisons of the time courses of replication initiated by in vitro-synthesized monomeric or multimeric sat-RNAs raised the possibility that the dimeric form has an intermediate role in replication. We propose that replication primarily involves multimers, possibly as dimeric forms. These forms may revert to monomers by a termination of replication at 5 end sequences and/or by internal initiation at the 3 ends of multimeric junctions.Beet black scorch virus (BBSV) was first reported in the late 1980s (13,14). The virus is responsible for serious damage to the sugar beet crop in the Xinjiang, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Heilongjiang provinces of China. BBSV infects sugar beet plants systemically through the roots after transmission with Olpidium brassicae zoospores (25) and causes black scorch symptoms on the leaves (6). Mechanical inoculation in a greenhouse resulted in local infections of 15 plant species, including several Chenopodium spp., producing inapparent to extremely mild symptoms or necrotic local lesions (7). Sugar beets on different plantations contaminated by BBSV isolates in China developed similar severe black scorch symptoms on leaves, and most plants died within a week after the appearance of symptoms. Normally, only a single RNA was associated with infections, but a small single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) that is similar to the satellite RNAs (sat-RNA) of other necroviruses (39) has been found in isolates from the Xinjiang province (6). This small RNA multiplied in test plants only when associated with BBSV genomic RNA, either from the same viral isolate or from other sources of BBSV (5). The presence of sat-RNA resulted in more local lesions on the leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor plants than did inoculation with BBSV RNA alone when the...

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“…They exhibit a high secondary structure with 50% intramolecular base pairing, sharing little or no sequence homology with their HV (20,27,47). During replication by HV, Cucumovirus satRNAs have been shown to generate multimers of dimeric and tetrameric forms (31,32). Some satRNAs (i.e., Nepovirus and Sobemovirus satRNAs) generate multimeric intermediates by a rolling-circle mechanism and produce monomeric progeny by autocatalytic cleavage (18,21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Helper Virus-Independent Transcription and Multimerization of a Satellite RNA Associated with Cucumber Mosaic Virus

Choi

Seo

Kwon

et al. 2012

J Virol

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Satellite RNAs are the smallest infectious agents whose replication is thought to be completely dependent on their helper virus (HV). Here we report that, when expressed autonomously in the absence of HV, a variant of satellite RNA (satRNA) associated with Cucumber mosaic virus strain Q (Q-satRNA) has a propensity to localize in the nucleus and be transcribed, generating genomic and antigenomic multimeric forms. The involvement of the nuclear phase of Q-satRNA was further confirmed by confocal microscopy employing in vivo RNA-tagging and double-stranded-RNA-labeling assays. Sequence analyses revealed that the Q-satRNA multimers formed in the absence of HV, compared to when HV is present, are distinguished by the addition of a template-independent heptanucleotide motif at the monomer junctions within the multimers. Collectively, the involvement of a nuclear phase in the replication cycle of Q-satRNA not only provides a valid explanation for its persistent survival in the absence of HV but also suggests a possible evolutionary relationship to viroids that replicate in the nucleus.

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Formation of multimers of cucumber mosaic virus satellite RNA.

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Factors regulating template switch in vitro by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases: Implications for RNA–RNA recombination

Factors regulating template switch in vitro by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases: Implications for RNA–RNA recombination

Analysis of Nucleotide Sequences and Multimeric Forms of a Novel Satellite RNA Associated with Beet Black Scorch Virus

Helper Virus-Independent Transcription and Multimerization of a Satellite RNA Associated with Cucumber Mosaic Virus

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