Formation of nanostructured graphitic carbon from coconut waste via low-temperature catalytic graphitisation

Destyorini, Fredina; Irmawati, Yuyun; Hardiansyah, Andri; Widodo, Henry; Yahya, Ilham Nur Dimas; Indayaningsih, Nanik; Yudianti, Rike; Hsu, Yu‐I; Uyama, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/j.jestch.2020.06.011

Cited by 48 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…53 For instance, the conductivity of PGC-400 lm ($10 À6 S cm À1 ) is comparable with that of porous carbon pyrolyzed at 900 C, 54 while PGC-700 and -800 lms exhibit much higher conductivities than most other porous carbon materials pyrolyzed at similar temperatures (Table S1 †). [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61] The signicantly higher conductivity of PGC pyrolyzed at low temperature is critically important to achieve a general low-energy consumption production of functional graphitic carbon materials, and to enable the employment of PGC in temperature-sensitive fabrications and applications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution-processable porous graphitic carbon from bottom-up synthesis and low-temperature graphitization

Che

Wang

et al. 2021

Chem. Sci.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution-processable porous graphitic carbon from bottom-up synthesis and low-temperature graphitization

Che

Wang

et al. 2021

Chem. Sci.

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“…1339 and 1568 cm −1 corresponding to the D-band and G-band, respectively. At the shoulder of the G band, there is a shoulder at about 1610 cm −1 , called the D band [25,27]. The D band represents the disordered graphitic structure and is associated with defects in the graphitic sp 2 carbon structure [28,29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure 3b, the isotherms of the samples belong to the typical integral of the IV isotherms. The sample exhibits an H4-type hysteresis loop at a moderate relative pressure (0.4 < P/P 0 < 0.9), indicating the existence of micropores and mesopores in the samples [27]. The volume and area of the micropores are shown in Table S2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Method for Preparing Nanospheres from Pomelo Peel to Achieve High Graphitization at a Low Temperature

et al. 2022

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Biomass waste is a valuable resource that can be recovered, reused, and is renewable. However, converting biomass waste to a high degree of order is a bigger challenge, and graphitization at low temperatures is even more difficult. This paper proposes an improved method (Ni element catalysis) for highly graphitizing pomelo peel at low temperatures (750 –900 °C). In this paper, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were used to study the method and the effect of temperature on structural changes during graphitization. Under the improved method, pomelo peel was transformed into nano-spherical graphitized material. The degree of graphitization reached 80.23% at 900 °C, which was 31.39% higher than that of the traditional method. Furthermore, through HRTEM, the lattice fringe spacing was observed to be 0.337 nm, which is between pure graphite (0.3354 nm) and amorphous graphite (0.3440 nm). In this paper, the improved method can obtain highly graphitized nanospheres at low temperatures, thus reducing energy consumption, reducing environmental pollution, and promoting sustainable development.

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“…The preferred method to obtain highly graphitized carbon from lignocellulose is catalytic graphitization during activation with different catalysts such as ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ) [ 217 , 218 ], ferric nitrate (Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ) [ 219 , 220 ], potassium ferrate (K 2 FeO 4 ) [ 221 , 222 ], potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ) [ 223 ], and nickel chloride (NiCl 2 ) [ 224 , 225 ], etc. Table 6 summarizes some examples of supercapacitors based on lignocellulose-derived graphitic carbon including the raw material, thermal treatment, catalyst, structural characteristics and EC performance, etc.…”

Section: Supercapacitors From Lignocellulose-based Graphitementioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulosic Biomass-Derived Carbon Electrodes for Flexible Supercapacitors: An Overview

Xiang

Lin

et al. 2021

Materials

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With the increasing demand for high-performance electronic devices in smart textiles, various types of flexible/wearable electronic device (i.e., supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, etc.) have emerged regularly. As one of the most promising wearable devices, flexible supercapacitors from a variety of electrode materials have been developed. In particular, carbon materials from lignocellulosic biomass precursor have the characteristics of low cost, natural abundance, high specific surface area, excellent electrochemical stability, etc. Moreover, their chemical structures usually contain a large number of heteroatomic groups, which greatly contribute to the capacitive performance of the corresponding flexible supercapacitors. This review summarizes the working mechanism, configuration of flexible electrodes, conversion of lignocellulosic biomass-derived carbon electrodes, and their corresponding electrochemical properties in flexible/wearable supercapacitors. Technology challenges and future research trends will also be provided.

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Formation of nanostructured graphitic carbon from coconut waste via low-temperature catalytic graphitisation

Cited by 48 publications

References 53 publications

Solution-processable porous graphitic carbon from bottom-up synthesis and low-temperature graphitization

Solution-processable porous graphitic carbon from bottom-up synthesis and low-temperature graphitization

Improved Method for Preparing Nanospheres from Pomelo Peel to Achieve High Graphitization at a Low Temperature

Lignocellulosic Biomass-Derived Carbon Electrodes for Flexible Supercapacitors: An Overview

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