Formation of non-graphitizing carbon fibers prepared from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) precursor fibers

Abstract

The effect of carbonization temperature on the structure and properties of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide)-based carbon fibers from commercially available Twaron ® (PPTA) presursor is reported. Turbostratic PPTA-based carbon fibers were produced using a single step procedure in an inert atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1100 o C. In the present study, fiber diameter, mass yield, density, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, tensile testing and electrical conductivity measurements were performed and evaluated to follow and monitor the properties and structural transformations of carbon fibers with rising temperature. The increase of heat-treatment temperature to 1100 o C decreased the interlayer d-spacing (d 0 0 2 ) and increased the in-plane size (L a ) and thickness (L c ) of the graphene layers. The intensity ratios of D to G bands in the Raman spectra increased with rising temperature, suggesting, in agreement with the X-ray diffraction measurements, that the in-plane size (L a ) of the graphene planes increased with temperature. The density, carbon content, C/H ratio, apparent crystallite size (L a and L c ), electrical conductivity and tensile properties of the resultant carbon fibers were enhanced with rising temperature. It has been shown that the gage length of the carbon fibers tested has a significant effect on the tensile strength obtained. After taking into account the effects of gage length and porosity dependence, the carbonization of PPTA precursor fibers prepared at 1100 o C gave a tensile strength of 191 MPa and a tensile modulus of 83 GPa, respectively.

Self‐Supported CoP Nanoparticle‐Embedded Wood‐Derived Porous Carbon Membrane for Efficient H2 Evolution in Both Acidic and Basic Solutions

“…The phase structure of the electrodes was further confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). As shown in Figure (a), only two broadened diffraction peaks located at ≈25° and ≈43°, corresponding to (002) and (100) crystal planes of the highly disordered carbon, could be observed for PCM . However, in addition to the carbon phase, the metallic Co phase could be clearly identified in the Co@PCM electrode.…”

“…As shown in Figure 2(a), only two broadened diffraction peaks located at � 25°and � 43°, corresponding to (002) and (100) crystal planes of the highly disordered carbon, could be observed for PCM. [43,44] However, in addition to the carbon phase, the metallic Co phase could be clearly identified in the Co@PCM electrode. Noted that the diffraction peaks of carbon phase in the Co@PCM electrode is more sharpen than those of the PCM, indicating that the presence of Co nanoparticles could effectively promote the graphitization of PCM membrane.…”

Poly(p-phenylene)s tethered with oligo(ethylene oxide): synthesis by Yamamoto polymerization and properties as solid polymer electrolytes

“…This may correspond to the width of the PpP backbone chain (marked d 3 in Fig. 8), 40,41 which would further indicate an ordered arrangement of the PpP backbone chain. In comparison, the width of one phenyl ring in a graphene layer has been reported to be 0.25 nm.…”

Characterization of amorphous carbon fibers produced from thermally stabilized polyamide 6 fibers

“…Aromatic polyamide (aramid) fibers were also taken into consideration by several investigators for the formation of carbon fibers [17–21]. The idea behind using aramid fibers was to bypass the thermal stabilization step normally applied for fibers with low thermal stability and low melting temperatures.…”

“…Direct carbonization is only needed to prepare carbon fibers from such aramid precursors. Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fiber with a high thermal stability has been utilized for preparing carbon fiber through direct carbonization process [17–19]. Poly(meta-phenylene terephthalamide) fiber has also been used to prepare carbon fiber [20] and activated carbon fiber [21] by going through the direct carbonization step without thermal stabilization.…”