Formation of organohalogen compounds in fly ash by metal-catalyzed oxidation of residual carbon

Schwarz, G.; Stieglitz, L.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(92)90543-z

Cited by 53 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Approximately equal amounts of product were present in the gas and solid phases, except when HCl was added. The type of carbon used influences the amount of product: graphite < soot < carbonised glucose < charcoal [124]. The rates in similar experiments using three halides in mixtures of flyash + charcoal + CuSO 4 + NaX were the same as for chlorine.…”

Section: Carbonmentioning

confidence: 98%

The formation of dioxins in combustion systems

Stanmore

2004

Combustion and Flame

432

215

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Section: Carbonmentioning

confidence: 98%

The formation of dioxins in combustion systems

Stanmore

2004

Combustion and Flame

432

215

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“…The PCDDs and PCDFs are formed when the carbon is catalytically oxidized with copper as the main catalyst (8)(9)(10)(11). The second formation route is formation from (gasphase) precursor compounds, like (chloro)benzenes and -phenols (11)(12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of PCDDs and PCDFs from Anthracene and Chloroanthracene in a Model Fly Ash System

Schoonenboom¹,

Olie²

1995

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Stieglitz et al proposed that surfacebound copper plays a key role in the chlorination reaction and causes the efficient chlorination of carbon substrates, a process that causes the de novo formation of PCDD/Fs (Schwarz and Stieglitz 1992;Stieglitz 1998;Weber et al 2001a, b). Ryu et al speculated that chlorine at a high concentration could be converted to Cl 2 on a copper catalyst and that a large number of chlorine radicals will be released (Ryu et al 2013).…”

Section: Quality Control and Assurancementioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and potential mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans on fly ash from a secondary copper smelting process

Wang

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Secondary copper smelting (SeCu) is widely considered to be an important source of polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs; PCDD/Fs). Laboratory experiments were performed using SeCu fly ash as a matrix for thermochemical reactions to investigate the effects of fly ash on the formation of PCDD/Fs and the potential mechanisms. Thermochemical reactions on SeCu fly ash over a temperature range of 250-450°C and reaction times of 10-120 min caused the PCDD/F concentrations in the fly ash to increase significantly. The PCDD/F concentrations formed in the thermal reactions were about 99-139 times higher than the PCDD/F concentrations in the original fly ash, clearly indicating that fly ash promoted the formation of PCDD/Fs. The PCDFs dominated the PCDDs, and the PCDF/PCDD concentration ratio was about 30-40. Octachlorodibenzofuran ( O C D F ) , o c t a c h l o r o d i b e n z o -p -d i o x i n , a n d t h e heptachlorodibenzofurans were the most dominant homologs that were formed. A comparison of the PCDD/F patterns produced in the thermochemical reactions and the patterns in the original fly ash suggested that the chlorination of less chlorinated PCDFs might be an important pathway in the formation of higher chlorinated furans. The results of this study indicated that SeCu fly ash has a high PCDD/F formation potential. It is crucial to have the fly ash filter at low temperature and that fly ash in the cooling system should be minimized.

show abstract

Formation of organohalogen compounds in fly ash by metal-catalyzed oxidation of residual carbon

Cited by 53 publications

References 8 publications

The formation of dioxins in combustion systems

The formation of dioxins in combustion systems

Formation of PCDDs and PCDFs from Anthracene and Chloroanthracene in a Model Fly Ash System

Formation and potential mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans on fly ash from a secondary copper smelting process

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