Formation of periodic nanodimensional structures on the surface of solids during phase and structural transformations

Theoretical Basis and Experimental Means of the Hydrophilic Nanostructure Formation Process on the Titanium Surface by Direct Laser Irradiation

“…The deformation process in these conditions is followed by residual deformation, whose appearance is related to nonelastic effects and reorganization of crystal's defect structure. Stress' relaxation can have a heterogeneous character due to the formation of new structure zones called relaxation zones [32] , ij g n   is caused by the influence of the relaxation field and the relaxation zones on the speed of stress relaxation. As the speed of alteration of the relaxation field is much lower than the speed of the processes atomic relaxation described by the constants  and ,  in (7) one can use adiabatic elimination of variables.…”

Kinetics of Nanostructuring Processes of Material Surface under Influence of Laser Radiation

“…Irradiation of the material can be carried out both with a stationary laser beam and with its movement along the surface at a given speed. To simulate the processes of nanostructuring of matter under the action of short laser pulses on the surface of a solid, it is necessary to understand the arising physical processes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Since these processes take place in extremely small volumes and time intervals, high heating and cooling rates appear, as well as large spatial temperature gradients.…”

“…For other examples, the characteristic formation of cracks or protruding points on the surface indicates deformation of the material due to phase and structural transformations. A similar experiment is described in [4,7,8], where an ArF laser with a laser energy density of 0.18 J/cm 2 was used. As a result, cracking of the surface layer and features of the relief in the form of protruding points with sizes from 1 to 5 µm were found.…”

“…The appearance of the residual deformation is due to inelastic effects and rearrangement of crystal defect structure. In this case, the mechanism of absorption of laser radiation by a metal surface during the formation of surface nanostructures is nonlinear and has a heterogeneous character [4,6,7].…”

“…Recently, studies [4,7,9] give gradual progress in describing the basics and patterns of formation of real surface structures. The current state of this research requires: firstly, the accumulation of much more practical experience in studying the mechanisms and processes of the nanostructures formation; secondly, the creation of new theories that help to explain the operation of such mechanisms [2,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”