Formation of phenols from the low-temperature fast pyrolysis of Radiata pine (Pinus radiata)

Synergistic effect of biomass potassium content and oxidative atmosphere: Impact on torrefaction severity and released condensables

“…In contrast, for the demineralized samples (without K), the yield of these compounds was similar for both atmospheres. While investigating the influence of molecular oxygen (0, 10 and 20% v.v -1 ) during low-temperature fast pyrolysis of pine (295 °C), Butt [74] reported a positive influence on increasing the yields of syringol, guaiacol, and other monomeric phenols. The work postulated that the effect of oxygen on the formation of monomeric phenols at low temperatures is probably associated with lignin depolymerization through a free radical mechanism in which oxygen facilitates the formation of free radicals or acts itself as a free radical.…”

Fundamental Advances in Biomass Autothermal/Oxidative Pyrolysis: A Review

“…A higher concentration of oxygen at a higher temperature is likely to promote further oxidation of phenols into light gases. His subsequent studies 73,74 suggested that the interaction of oxygen steam and the amount/size of fluidizing bed materials could all considerably impact the yield of phenolics. Kim et al 75 also found that the addition of oxygen up to 1.05 vol % (ER 0.067) had a positive effect on the production of phenolic monomers, but further increases in oxygen reduced their yields.…”

Where does the Oxygen go? – Pathways and Partitioning in Autothermal Pyrolysis

“…The existing oxidative pyrolysis studies provide a number of product composition references as a function of oxygen/air concentration for which the mechanistic framework can be compared with. When comparing findings of these studies, variability in experimental apparatus and definitions of terminology, autothermal operation for example, must be considered [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66]. Findings from this body of literature are summarized below.…”

“…%-maf-biomass). Butt carried out a three-part study on Radiata pine bubbling fluidized bed oxidative pyrolysis, looking at effects of oxygen, moisture, and bed parameters on product composition, claiming monophenol yield benefits from increased substrate moisture as well as bed mass [54,69,70]. Possibly the most applicable prior work is that of Kim et al [71].…”