Formation of Photoluminescent Germanium Nanostructures by Femtosecond Laser Processing on Bulk Germanium: Role of Ambient Gases

Seo, Myung Hwan; Kim, D. S.; Kim, H. S.; Choi, Daegwang; Jeoung, Sae Chae

doi:10.1364/oe.14.004908

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The laser ablation has been operated since the invention of the ruby laser in the 1960s [124]. After the 1980s, a wide range of NMs in ambient conditions [125], in gas [126] or in liquid-phase [127] were become available by this method. The laser ablation in the liquid-phase includes a high power laser, an optical focusing system, a bulk target, and a liquid.…”

Section: Laser Ablation In Liquid-phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-phase synthesis of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials

Karatutlu

Barhoum

Sapelkin

2018

Emerging Applications of Nanoparticles and Architecture Nanostructures

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CHAPTER 1 Liquid-phase synthesis of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials on changing their physical properties; (7) size and shape of NPs and nanostructures could be controlled quite well by the most liquid-phase synthesis methods (depending on the method used). Chemical purification and size separation techniques, such as chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are not required; (8) postsynthesis techniques are available for formation of clusters [6] and 2d superlattices [7] from the as-prepared NPs and nanostructures. The liquid-phase synthesis can be classified into: (1) top-down approaches, where bulk materials are etched in an aqueous solution for producing NPs or nanostructures, for example, the synthesis of porous silicon by electrochemical etching; and (2) bottom-up approaches, where atoms/molecules via self-assembly, in general, are gathered together to form NMs and mixed in a controlled fashion to form a colloidal solution (Fig. 1.2). NPs produced by liquid-phase synthesis methods can remain in liquid suspension for further use or may be collected by filtering or by spray drying to produce a dry powder. Liquid-phase synthesis methods from a solution of chemical compounds include, but are not limited to, chemical stain etching, colloidal methods, coprecipitation, electrochemical deposition, direct precipitation, sol-gel processing, microemulsions method, reverse micelle synthesis, hydrothermal synthesis, template methods, polyol method, and laser ablation. In this ■ ■ FIGURE 1.2 Schematic of the formation of NMs processes. Top-down versus bottom-up liquid-phase synthesis methods. ■ ■ FIGURE 1.1 Various methods for formation of NMs. The liquid-phase synthesis is reported as one of the most widespread synthesis technique together with the gas-state synthesis.

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Section: Laser Ablation In Liquid-phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid-phase synthesis of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials

Karatutlu

Barhoum

Sapelkin

2018

Emerging Applications of Nanoparticles and Architecture Nanostructures

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“…Unique photoluminescent properties were discovered for germanium nanoparticles both for colloids [ 7 ] and MOS structures, based on embedding germanium nanoparticles in silicon structures [ 8 , 9 ]. It is known that by varying the size of nanoparticles from 2 to 5 nm it is possible to alter the photoluminescence (PL) of the germanium colloid particles over a wide range from 300 to 1600 nm [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sufficient number of publications reveal germanium nanoparticles and core-shell structured Ge/GeOx luminescence belonging to the visible spectrum range [ 15 , 16 ]. Nevertheless, the maxima of luminescence peaks are affected not only by the size of the particles, but also by the size distribution width, structure, method of synthesis and surface properties [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Thus, a definition of the correlation between optical size and structural properties of germanium nanoparticles is still a challenging task.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature on the Morphology and Optical Properties of Spark Discharge Germanium Nanoparticles

et al. 2020

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We report the spark discharge synthesis of aerosol germanium nanoparticles followed by sintering in a tube furnace at different temperatures varying from 25 to 800 °C. The size, structure, chemical composition and optical properties were studied. We have demonstrated a melting mechanism of nanoparticles agglomerates, the growth of the mean primary particle size from 7 to 51 nm and the reduction of the size of agglomerates with a temperature increase. According to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data, primary nanoparticles sintered at temperatures from 25 to 475 °C basically have a structure of Ge crystals embedded in a GeOx amorphous matrix, as well as visible photoluminescence (PL) with the maximum at 550 nm. Pure germanium nanoparticles are prepared at temperatures above 625 °C and distinguished by their absence of visible PL. The shape of the experimental UV-vis-NIR extinction spectra significantly depends on the size distribution of the germanium crystals. This fact was confirmed by simulations according to Mie theory for obtained ensembles of germanium nanoparticles.

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“…Although germanium has unique properties like higher refractive index, higher dielectric constant, higher electron mobility, smaller band gap and larger effective Bohr radius as compared to silicon, the number of research papers about nanostructured germanium does not exceed one hundred. Various methods had been successfully used to prepare germanium nanostructures such as electron beam evaporation [7], focused ion beam milling [8], molecular beam epitaxy [9], chemical vapor deposition [10] and laser ablation [11]. Nanostructure growths by these all methods need a lot of time, a high vacuum or a special environment and subsequent thermal annealing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-cost, fast and easy production of germanium nanostructures and interfacial electron transfer dynamics of BODIPY–germanium nanostructure system

et al. 2017

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Germanium nanostructures are prepared by electrochemical etching of n-type Sb-doped (100) oriented germanium (Ge) substrates with resistivity of 0.01 X cm. Ge substrates are etched in an electrochemical double cell containing hydrofluoric acid and ethanol solution at room temperature. Although the use of illumination source is essential for etching of an n-type semiconductor material, the influence of illumination source type on the germanium surface morphology has not yet been investigated. In this work, the illumination effect is studied by halogen lamp, white LED, 470-and 405-nm pulsed diode laser. It is demonstrated that different Ge surface morphologies such as nanocone, nanorod, nanoplate and nanopyramid are obtained using different illumination source. The current density, anodization time and pulsed laser power density effects on Ge nanopyramid are investigated in order to optimize anodization conditions. The most uniform and continuous Ge nanopyramid array is obtained at the current density of 30 mA/cm 2 for 45 min under cathode side illumination with 470-nm pulsed diode laser. It is observed that the nanostructured Ge surfaces exhibit a broad photoluminescence band between 400 and 650 nm. Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy studies of electron transfer process between BODIPY dye and Ge nanostructures are reported. The obtained fluorescence lifetime data are analyzed in the light of the Marcus electron transfer theory to determine the conduction band energy level of nanostructured germanium substrates.

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Formation of Photoluminescent Germanium Nanostructures by Femtosecond Laser Processing on Bulk Germanium: Role of Ambient Gases

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Liquid-phase synthesis of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials

Liquid-phase synthesis of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials

Effects of Temperature on the Morphology and Optical Properties of Spark Discharge Germanium Nanoparticles

Low-cost, fast and easy production of germanium nanostructures and interfacial electron transfer dynamics of BODIPY–germanium nanostructure system

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