Formation of polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in incineration of refuse derived fuel and biosludge

Halonen, Ismo; Tarhanen, Juhani; Kopsa, Tapani; Palonen, Juha; Vilokki, Harri; Ruuskanen, Juhani

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(93)90080-o

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Seven of these studies found an increase in the PCDDs/PCDFs formation when the chlorine content in the fuel exceeds a threshold value at 1-2% (18,21,23,24,(26)(27)(28). Halonen et al (18) combusted three fuels with different chlorine levels (0.2, 0.35, and 2.1%). No differences in the emission levels of PCDDs/PCDFs from the fuels with 0.2 and 0.35% chlorine were observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Level and Form of Chlorine on the Formation of Chlorinated Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Benzenes during Combustion of an Artificial Fuel in a Laboratory Reactor

Wikström

Löfvenius

Rappe

et al. 1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and chlorobenzenes (PCBzs) in the combustion process was studied where the chlorine level and source were varied in an artificial waste. Different levels of organic chlorine (PVC) and inorganic chlorine (CaCl 2 ‚6H 2 O) were added to the fuel. The flue gas samples were analyzed for PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBzs. The following combustion parameters were measured during incineration: temperature in bed, in freeboard, and in cooling convector; air flows; SO 2 , CO 2 , NO, NO 2 , CO, O 2 , and particle concentrations in the flue gas. The results from this study indicate no correlation between the quantities of formed PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBzs in the combustion process and the level of chlorine in the fuel, when the chlorine level is below 1%. However, when the level of chlorine in the fuel exceeds 1%, an increased formation rate was noted. No distinction in the formation rate of the chlorinated micropollutants was noticed between the two different chlorine sources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Level and Form of Chlorine on the Formation of Chlorinated Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Benzenes during Combustion of an Artificial Fuel in a Laboratory Reactor

Wikström

Löfvenius

Rappe

et al. 1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Moreover, classification can help to reduce not only the emission of PICs, but also the content of Cl and heavy metals from the waste input, substantially reducing the original concentration of PCDD/Fs. Wikström et al [29] and Halonen et al [30] found that the chlorine content showed a threshold value of about 1 wt% for promoting PCDD/F emission from an incinerator: below the threshold, the content of chlorine presented no obvious influence on the formation of PCDD/Fs; however, above the threshold, the formation of PCDD/Fs increased with the rising chlorine content. Further studies confirmed the role of Cl in PCDD/Fs synthesis.…”

Section: Waste Classification Can Control the Components Associated Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the relationship between waste classification, combustion condition and dioxin emission from waste incineration

Zhang

et al. 2019

Waste Dispos. Sustain. Energy

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Domestic waste in China is mainly collected as a combination of different types of materials. The components are variable and complex, with very different combustion characteristics making it difficult to optimize the burning to reduce pollution. There are still some controversies about the accuracy of using carbon monoxide (CO) emission to characterize waste incineration performance. Here, we investigated the relationship between waste classification, incineration conditions and dioxin emission and concluded that the concentration of CO in flue gas could not be used as the only criterion of combustion efficiency and safety. Considering the close relationship between the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and products of incomplete combustion, the relatively low concentrations of CO are not a reliable indicator that an incinerator equipped with an activated carbon injection system and fabric filter could achieve the national standards for PCDD/F emission. The goal, therefore, is not only to lower the emission of PCDD/Fs and other pollutants through classifying the waste components at the source, but also to reduce the need for the treatment of incinerated waste to protect the environment and to increase the power generation efficiency of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants. As the demand for waste disposal continues to rapidly increase, the need for a safe waste incineration system with dioxin emission controls makes the classification of waste an indispensable part of future MSWI systems.Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

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“…Gas concentrations, 370 mass emission rates, metals-to-particulate ratios, and emissions factors were reported. Halonen et al (1993) measured polychlorinated dibenzodioxon (PCDD)/polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) levels at various locations in the incineration process for biosludge/bark and biosludge/wood chips fuel mixtures. Postformation reactions for PCDD/PCDFs were present in refuse-derived fuel tests but not present in the biosludge tests.…”

Section: Dew Atering and Thickeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sludge management

Groff¹,

McLaughlin²

1994

Water Environment Research

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Formation of polychlorinated dioxins and dibenzofurans in incineration of refuse derived fuel and biosludge

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Influence of Level and Form of Chlorine on the Formation of Chlorinated Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Benzenes during Combustion of an Artificial Fuel in a Laboratory Reactor

Influence of Level and Form of Chlorine on the Formation of Chlorinated Dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Benzenes during Combustion of an Artificial Fuel in a Laboratory Reactor

Study on the relationship between waste classification, combustion condition and dioxin emission from waste incineration

Sludge management

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