The majority of marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is resistant to biological degradation and thus can remain in the water column for thousands of years, constituting carbon sequestration in the ocean. To date the origin of such recalcitrant DOC (RDOC) is unclear. A recently proposed conceptual framework, the microbial carbon pump (MCP), emphasizes the microbial transformation of organic carbon from labile to recalcitrant states. The MCP is concerned with both microbial uptakes and outputs of DOC compounds, covering a wide range from gene to ecosystem levels. In this minireview, the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter is used as an example for the microbial processing of DOC at the genetic level. The compositions of the ABC transporter genes of the two major marine bacterial clades Roseobacter and SAR11 demonstrate that they have distinct patterns in DOC utilization: Roseobacter strains have the advantage of taking up carbohydrate DOC, while SAR11 bacteria prefer nitrogen-containing DOC. At the ecosystem level, bacterially derived RDOC based on D-amino acid biomarkers is reported to be responsible for about a quarter of the total marine RDOC pool. Under future global warming scenarios, partitioning of primary production into DOC could be enhanced, and thus the MCP could play an even more important role in carbon sequestration by the ocean. Joint efforts to study the MCP from multiple disciplines are required to obtain a better understanding of ocean carbon cycle and its coupling with global change.The ocean acts as a "sink" of atmospheric CO 2 , thus mitigating global warming (44, 48). The recognized biological mechanism for this sink is the "biological pump," which is based on the photosynthetic fixation of CO 2 and subsequent carbon export driven mainly by sinking of particulate organic carbon (POC). However, the buried POC in the ocean sediment is Ϝ0.1% of primary production formed in the surface ocean, while the rest of the organic carbon is mainly respired back to CO 2 (14, 28) . Nevertheless, the ocean possesses a huge dissolved organic carbon (DOC) pool, which accounts for about 95% of the total remaining organic carbon (22, 39). The majority of this DOC pool is recalcitrant to biological degradation and can persist in the water column for thousands of years, constituting carbon sequestration in the ocean (4,22,25,39,40). However, the origin of this recalcitrant DOC pool is presently unclear.Recently a new concept was proposed to address this matter, the "microbial carbon pump" (MCP), which refers to the microbial processes that transform labile DOC (LDOC) into recalcitrant DOC (RDOC) (25). The MCP is a conceptual framework to explicitly integrate environmental, trophic, physiological, molecular, and genomic processes relevant to the in situ microbial activities that regulate RDOC production and dynamics (25, 26) (Fig. 1).Diverse microbes and DOC compounds in the ocean. The transformation of DOC is carried out by heterotrophic microbes, and the pathways and rates of DOC transformation determine the ...