FORMATION OF POST-FIRE WATER-REPELLENT LAYERS IN MONTERREY PINE (pinus radiata D. DON) PLANTATIONS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL CHILE

García‐Chevesich, Pablo; Pizarro, Roberto; Stropki, Cody L.; Arellano, Pablo Ramírez de; Ffolliott, Peter F.; DeBano, Leonard F.; Neary, Daniel G.; Slack, D. C.

doi:10.4067/s0718-95162010000200001

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Steeper slopes (Hualo site) should result in the erosion of finer soil particles located on the surface, leading to a slightly coarser material on the soil-fire interacting range, compared to those from flatter areas (Pine site). Similar to what Garcia-Chevesich et al (2010) found on Chilean soils near Yungay (VIII Region), fine-textured surface soils from the PINE site probably prevented much of its volatilized water repellent substances from migrating very far below the surface during the fire (DeBano, 1981;Letey et al, 2000). This was, not the case for the possible surface (first two millimeters) coarser soils of the Hualo site, if that was the case before the fire occurred.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…A drop of water was placed on the mineral soil surface (manually removing the remaining ashes, if any), documenting how long it took for the drop to infiltrate into the soil. The same criteria used by Garcia-Chevesich et al (2010), was applied to determine the degree of water repellency (originally from the US National Wildfire Coordinating Group), i.e., slight or null repellency (the drop of water takes 10 sec or less to infiltrate), moderate repellency (between 10 and 40 sec) and strong repellency (more than 40 sec).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation of Post-Fire Water Repellent Layers on Nothofagus glauca (Hualo) Forests, After the Historical “Las Máquinas” Wildfire in South-Central Chile

García‐Chevesich¹,

Martínez²,

García³

et al. 2019

American Journal of Environmental Sciences

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The Chilean summer of 2017 was the worst wildfire season by far. Hundreds of wildfires burned a total of more than half a million hectares of forested land (native forests and forest plantations). A significant portion of the burned area was occupied by Hualo (Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser), a native forest species widely distributed in central Chile. Using the water-drop-penetration-time method, post-fire water repellency was evaluated at different depths (on the mineral soil surface and 5 mm below it) for a Hualo stand. Comparative data were obtained from a neighboring 11-year-old Monterrey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) plantation. Both stands were located near Santa Olga, one of the towns that were totally consumed by the wildfire. A Chi-Square statistical analysis was used to determine significant differences among stands and soil depths. Results suggested that the abundant Hualo native forest species exhibited strong potentials to form fire-induced water repellent layers. Differences were mainly in depth between the two species. As wildfires in Chile are expected to increase in frequency and intensity, the authors strongly recommend post-fire flood control practices on Hualo-burned drainage areas located upstream from human settlements, as well as erosion and sediment control techniques to avoid post-fire desertification processes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Post-Fire Water Repellent Layers on Nothofagus glauca (Hualo) Forests, After the Historical “Las Máquinas” Wildfire in South-Central Chile

García‐Chevesich¹,

Martínez²,

García³

et al. 2019

American Journal of Environmental Sciences

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“…Temperatures from 220-480˚C are known to convert biomass into a mixture of partially pyrolyzed organic compounds, while volatilized waxes and lipids typically condense at temperatures around 200˚C in the soil below [16]. This process results in a hydrophobic zone that commonly occur in forest fires and can lead to heavy erosion by channelizing runoff [17][18][19]. Thus, the upper layers of soil will have highly modified, fire-specific carbon sources that may select for specific sets of organisms able to metabolism them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple pyrocosm for studying soil microbial response to fire reveals a rapid, massive response by Pyronema species

et al. 2020

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We have designed a pyrocosm to enable fine-scale dissection of post-fire soil microbial communities. Using it we show that the peak soil temperature achieved at a given depth occurs hours after the fire is out, lingers near this peak for a significant time, and is accurately predicted by soil depth and the mass of charcoal burned. Flash fuels that produce no large coals were found to have a negligible soil heating effect. Coupling this system with Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the control and post-fire soil we show that we can stimulate a rapid, massive response by Pyronema, a well-known genus of pyrophilous fungus, within two weeks of a test fire. This specific stimulation occurs in a background of many other fungal taxa that do not change noticeably with the fire, although there is an overall reduction in richness and evenness. We introduce a thermo-chemical gradient model to summarize the way that heat, soil depth and altered soil chemistry interact to create a predictable, depthstructured habitat for microbes in post-fire soils. Coupling this model with the temperature relationships found in the pyrocosms, we predict that the width of a survivable "goldilocks zone", which achieves temperatures that select for postfire-adapted microbes, will stay relatively constant across a range of fuel loads. In addition we predict that a larger necromass zone, containing labile carbon and nutrients from recently heat-killed organisms, will increase in size rapidly with addition of fuel and then remain nearly constant in size over a broad range of fuel loads. The simplicity of this experimental system, coupled with the availability of a set of sequenced, assembled and annotated genomes of pyrophilous fungi, offers a powerful tool for dissecting the ecology of post-fire microbial communities. OPEN ACCESSCitation: Bruns TD, Chung JA, Carver AA, Glassman SI (2020) A simple pyrocosm for studying soil microbial response to fire reveals a rapid, massive response by Pyronema species. PLoS ONE 15(3): e0222691. https://doi.

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“…Soil water repellency is a common phenomenon that is observed postfire in Mediterranean forest soils but also in agricultural soils in which hydrophobic organic substances are produced during plant decomposition in rotations including legumes (Garcia-Chevesich, 2010;Casanova et al, 2013;Fuentes et al, 2015). Considering the thresholds for the water repellency index (R) as defined by Iovino et al (2018), all sites, particularly those with agroecological management, are included in the class of slight repellents (1.95≤R<10) at the soil surface (Supplemental Material 2), while at depth, the general trend changed to wettable soils (R<1.95).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical assessment of a Mollisol under agroecological managements at Quillota valley. Mediterranean Central Chile

Casanova

Ticona

Salazar

et al. 2020

IJANR

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A number of agroecological practices have been proposed for assessing soil quality. Several physical soil properties have been shown to be important for determining soil quality by using the sustainability index (SI) and the cumulative rating approach. The main aim of the study was to determine the effects of different agroecological managements on the physical properties of a Mollisol in the Mediterranean central Chile. In addition, some physical properties were selected to compare the soil quality among different agroecological management practices and highly mechanized intensive systems by using the SI and cumulative rating approaches. An experimental field was defined in an area of 3.5 ha in 2014. Four sites with different agroecological practices were selected in 2019 to assess soil physical properties: rainfed Mediterranean annual prairie - no tillage (1-S), irrigated perennial prairie with deep-root species - no tillage (2-N), irrigated annual and perennial prairie - conventional tillage (4-S), irrigated vegetables and flowers - minimum tillage (4-N); an avocado orchard with traditional management was used as the control. Soil organic carbon and the following soil physical properties were selected to assess SI and CR: bulk density, total porosity, void ratio, air capacity, fast-drainage pores, relative field capacity, hydraulic conductivity, structural stability index and unavailable water pores. The applicability of the selected physical indicators to the SIs of agroecological management practices compared with the control was demonstrated. The cumulative rating index (CR) for each land use showed that all agroecological practices constituted sustainable soil management (25≤CR<30), whereas the avocado orchard showed the least sustainable management (30≤CR<40), and a change in soil use is recommended.

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FORMATION OF POST-FIRE WATER-REPELLENT LAYERS IN MONTERREY PINE (pinus radiata D. DON) PLANTATIONS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL CHILE

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

Formation of Post-Fire Water Repellent Layers on Nothofagus glauca (Hualo) Forests, After the Historical “Las Máquinas” Wildfire in South-Central Chile

Formation of Post-Fire Water Repellent Layers on Nothofagus glauca (Hualo) Forests, After the Historical “Las Máquinas” Wildfire in South-Central Chile

A simple pyrocosm for studying soil microbial response to fire reveals a rapid, massive response by Pyronema species

Physical assessment of a Mollisol under agroecological managements at Quillota valley. Mediterranean Central Chile

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