Formation of sea ice bridges in narrow straits in response to wind and water stresses

Zheng, Zhong; Winton, Michael; Stone, Howard A.

doi:10.1002/2017jc012822

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Olason (2016) studied the impact of some physical and numerical parameters of a VP model on the simulated landfast ice in the Kara Sea. Rallabandi et al (2017) developed an analytical theory of the flow of sea ice through narrow straits and on the formation of ice bridges. Dansereau et al (2017) investigated the simulation of ice bridges with the new Maxwell-elasto-brittle rheology.…”

Section: 1029/2018jc014080mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Tides on Simulated Landfast Ice in a Pan‐Arctic Ice‐Ocean Model

et al. 2018

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The impact of tides on the simulated landfast ice cover is investigated. Pan‐Arctic simulations are conducted with an ice‐ocean (CICE‐NEMO) model with a modified rheology and a grounding scheme. The reference experiment (without tides) indicates there is an overestimation of the extent of landfast ice in regions of strong tides such as the Gulf of Boothia, Prince Regent Inlet, and Lancaster Sound. The addition of tides in the simulation clearly leads to a decrease of the extent of landfast ice in some tidally active regions. This numerical experiment with tides is more in line with observations of landfast ice in all the regions studied. Thermodynamics and changes in grounding cannot explain the lower landfast ice area when tidal forcing is included. We rather demonstrate that this decrease in the landfast ice extent is dynamically driven by the increase of the ocean‐ice stress due to the tides.

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Section: 1029/2018jc014080mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Tides on Simulated Landfast Ice in a Pan‐Arctic Ice‐Ocean Model

et al. 2018

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“…In granular materials this behavior is called self‐organized complexity as the overall behavior is governed by the local interactions and the resultant many‐body response of the system (e.g., Bak et al, ). Examples of granular phenomena include jets of sea ice floes in the marginal ice zone (e.g., Feltham, ) and jamming (Herman, ; Kwok et al, ; Rallabandi et al, , ; Samelson et al, ). Mechanical rigidity of granular materials increases with the grain‐packing density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Discrete Element Methods to Approximate Sea Ice Dynamics

Damsgaard

Adcroft

Sergienko

2018

J Adv Model Earth Syst

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Lagrangian models of sea ice dynamics have several advantages over Eulerian continuum models. Spatial discretization on the ice floe scale is natural for Lagrangian models and offers exact solutions for mechanical nonlinearities with arbitrary sea ice concentrations. This allows for improved model performance in ice-marginal zones, where sea ice is fragmented. Furthermore, Lagrangian models can explicitly simulate jamming processes that occur when sea ice moves through narrow confinements. While difficult to parameterize in continuum formulations, jamming emerges spontaneously in dense granular systems simulated in a Lagrangian framework. Here we present a flexible discrete element framework for approximating Lagrangian sea ice mechanics at the ice floe scale, forced by ocean and atmosphere velocity fields. Our goal is to evaluate the potential of models simpler than the traditional discrete element methods for granular dynamics. We demonstrate that frictionless contact models based on compressive stiffness alone are unlikely to produce jamming and describe two different approaches based on Coulomb friction and cohesion which both result in increased bulk shear strength of the granular assemblage. The frictionless but cohesive contact model displays jamming behavior which is similar to the more complex model with Coulomb friction and ice floe rotation at larger scales and has significantly lower computational cost.

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“…It can be that the differences tested here are too small to have an noticeable impact; previous modelling experiments 15 in Nares Strait have shown that an sea ice thickness of 4 m drastically changes the circulation (Shroyer et al, 2015). Another possibility is that the Nares Strait circulation is mostly impacted by the formation and flushing of ice bridges (Shroyer et al, 2017), yet accurate formation of such ice bridges in models can only happen for a narrow range of external forcings and strait geometries (Rallabandi et al, 2017). But further studying these questions is however beyond the scope of this paper.…”

Section: Impact On the Ocean Circulationmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…However, because of the large uncertainties connected with the estimations of the sea ice thickness (Kwok, 2005;Kwok et al, 2009), it is hard to determine which thickness is most representative of Nares Strait. This question is made even more complex by the 20 presence of ice bridges, whose implementation in models is an active area of research (Rallabandi et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of initial stratification, wind and sea ice on the modelled oceanic circulation in Nares Strait, northwest Greenland

Bergman

Heuzé

2018

Preprint

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Nares Strait in northwest Greenland is one of the main gateways for oceanic freshwater and heat exchanges between the Arctic and the North Atlantic. With a changing Arctic climate, understanding the processes that govern the oceanic circulation in Arctic straits has become crucial and urgent, but this cannot be done with current geographically and temporally sparse in-situ observations only. High resolution regional modelling is thus required, but costly. We here report on one-year sensitivity experiments performed with the coupled ice-ocean regional model MITgcm to determine the relative importance of wind 5 forcing, initial stratification and sea ice thickness on the accuracy of the modelled oceanic circulation in Nares Strait. We find that the modelled basin's circulation is mainly driven by density gradients in the upper oceanic layer, making accurate initial fields of temperature and salinity essential for a realistic oceanic circulation. The influence of the wind and sea ice thickness is less important, potentially making such high resolution fields not necessary for accurate strait modelling, provided these results are valid for other sea ice models as well. Comparison with ship-based measurements collected in summer 2015 reveals the 10 experiments to be too cold at the surface, probably because of a not-dynamic-enough sea ice cover. Although the modelled freshwater is rather accurate, large efforts need to be put into observing the ocean and the sources of freshwater continuously throughout the year to produce realistic and efficient model simulations of the Arctic Straits, key players in the entire Arctic system and global climate.15 Copyright statement.

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Formation of sea ice bridges in narrow straits in response to wind and water stresses

Cited by 18 publications

References 53 publications

The Impact of Tides on Simulated Landfast Ice in a Pan‐Arctic Ice‐Ocean Model

The Impact of Tides on Simulated Landfast Ice in a Pan‐Arctic Ice‐Ocean Model

Application of Discrete Element Methods to Approximate Sea Ice Dynamics

Influence of initial stratification, wind and sea ice on the modelled oceanic circulation in Nares Strait, northwest Greenland

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