Formation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota and their impact on human metabolism

Morrison, Douglas J.; Preston, Tom

doi:10.1080/19490976.2015.1134082

Cited by 2,643 publications

(2,066 citation statements)

References 90 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

1,794

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These metabolites from the fermentation of nondigested carbohydrates are absorbed by colonocytes within the cecum and colon. 129 −131 After absorption, SCFAs are processed in the liver for use in gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. 132 −135 Interestingly, dietary supplementation with SCFAs has been shown in rodents to promote a switch from lipid synthesis to oxidation and to protect against obesity and insulin resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal androgen exposure causes hypertension and gut microbiota dysbiosis

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Conditions of excess androgen in women, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), often exhibit intergenerational transmission. One way in which the risk for PCOS may be increased in daughters of affected women is through exposure to elevated androgens in utero. Hyperandrogenemic conditions have serious health consequences, including increased risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Recently, gut dysbiosis has been found to induce hypertension in rats, such that blood pressure can be normalized through fecal microbial transplant. Therefore, we hypothesized that the hypertension seen in PCOS has early origins in gut dysbiosis caused by in utero exposure to excess androgen. We investigated this hypothesis with a model of prenatal androgen (PNA) exposure and maternal hyperandrogenemia by single-injection of testosterone cypionate or sesame oil vehicle (VEH) to pregnant dams in late gestation. We then completed a gut microbiota and cardiometabolic profile of the adult female offspring. Results: The metabolic assessment revealed that adult PNA rats had increased body weight and increased mRNA expression of adipokines: adipocyte binding protein 2, adiponectin, and leptin in inguinal white adipose tissue. Radiotelemetry analysis revealed hypertension with decreased heart rate in PNA animals. The fecal microbiota profile of PNA animals contained higher relative abundance of bacteria associated with steroid hormone synthesis, Nocardiaceae and Clostridiaceae, and lower abundance of Akkermansia, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Clostridium. The PNA animals also had an increased relative abundance of bacteria associated with biosynthesis and elongation of unsaturated short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Conclusions: We found that prenatal exposure to excess androgen negatively impacted cardiovascular function by increasing systolic and diastolic blood pressure and decreasing heart rate. Prenatal androgen was also associated with gut microbial dysbiosis and altered abundance of bacteria involved in metabolite production of short chain fatty acids. These results suggest that early-life exposure to hyperandrogenemia in daughters of women with PCOS may lead to long-term alterations in gut microbiota and cardiometabolic function.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal androgen exposure causes hypertension and gut microbiota dysbiosis

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A primary function of the gut microbiome is to convert dietary nutrients to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are absorbed in the large intestine and used as an energy source by the human host [28]. The relative levels of the primary SCFAs acetate, propionate and butyrate have been shown to vary substantially depending on the prevailing state of the gut environment and of the host [54].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the most widely studied system is the gut microbiome due to its critical role in food metabolism [26][27][28], profound influence on the immune system [29,30] and suspected role in a wide variety of diseases including gut infections [31], inflammatory bowel and Crohn's diseases [32,33], obesity [34], diabetes [35], cardiovascular disease [36], rheumatoid arthritis [37], colorectal cancer [38] and even depression [39]. The human gut microbiome is a highly complex multispecies system thought to consist of at approximately 1800 genera and 15,000-36,000 species of microbes [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Byproduct Cross Feeding and Community Stability in an In Silico Biofilm Model of the Gut Microbiome

Henson

Phalak

2017

Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The gut microbiome is a highly complex microbial community that strongly impacts human health and disease. The two dominant phyla in healthy humans are Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, with minor phyla such as Proteobacteria having elevated abundances in various disease states. While the gut microbiome has been widely studied, relatively little is known about the role of interspecies interactions in promoting microbiome stability and function. We developed a biofilm metabolic model of a very simple gut microbiome community consisting of a representative bacteroidete (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron), firmicute (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and proteobacterium (Escherichia coli) to investigate the putative role of metabolic byproduct cross feeding between species on community stability, robustness and flexibility. The model predicted coexistence of the three species only if four essential cross-feeding relationships were present. We found that cross feeding allowed coexistence to be robustly maintained for large variations in biofilm thickness and nutrient levels. However, the model predicted that community composition and short chain fatty acid levels could be strongly affected only over small ranges of byproduct uptake rates, indicating a possible lack of flexibility in our cross-feeding mechanism. Our model predictions provide new insights into the impact of byproduct cross feeding and yield experimentally testable hypotheses about gut microbiome community stability.

show abstract

“…A wide range of bacterial groups are able to produce acetate, whereas the production of propionate and butyrate seems to be more specific. Akkermansia municiphila has been known as a major propionate-producing bacterium (70) and Eubacterium hallii, Eubacterium rectale, Roseburia inulinivorans, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Clostridium lavalense, Bacteroides uniformis, and Ruminococcus bromii appear to be responsible for most of butyrate production (70)(71)(72). Butyrate and propionate at low amounts exert multiple advantageous effects on the host, including the prevention of colonic carcinogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress; improvement in intestinal barrier function; and stimulation of satiety and lipid oxidation in hepatocytes (73,74).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, the Gut Microbiome, and Diet

Mokhtari

Gibson

Hekmatdoost

2017

Advances in Nutrition

138

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in the world, yet the pathogenesis of the disease is not well elucidated. Due to the close anatomic and functional association between the intestinal lumen and the liver through the portal system, it is speculated that the gut microbiome may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Furthermore, diet, which can modulate the gut microbiome and several metabolic pathways involved in NAFLD development, shows a potential tripartite relation between the gut, diet, and the liver. In this review, we summarize the current evidence that supports the association between NAFLD, the gut microbiome, and the role of diet. Adv Nutr 2017;8:240-52.

show abstract

Formation of short chain fatty acids by the gut microbiota and their impact on human metabolism

Cited by 2,643 publications

References 90 publications

Prenatal androgen exposure causes hypertension and gut microbiota dysbiosis

Prenatal androgen exposure causes hypertension and gut microbiota dysbiosis

Byproduct Cross Feeding and Community Stability in an In Silico Biofilm Model of the Gut Microbiome

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, the Gut Microbiome, and Diet

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About