Formation of sporadic-E (Es) layers under the influence of AGWs evolving in a horizontal shear flow

Formation of Multilayered Sporadic E under an Influence of Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGWs)

“…In this study, the observed additional peak or sublayers (multilayered structures) in sporadic E [8][9][10] can be caused by vertical/oblique propagation of AGWs or tidal winds. Here, unlike the previous studies [11][12][13], homogeneous horizontal wind can cause single peak sporadic E (Es layer), but the www.videleaf.com presence of AGWs with vertical wavelengths smaller than the width of the height region between about 90 and 150 km can cause additional sublayers (Es layers). In this case, the vertical changes in the wind direction, magnitude, and shear causes the appearance of nodes of ion vertical drift velocity-heights where the ion vertical drift velocity, caused by the AGWs, is zero.…”

“…) also can be important for the formation of the quasi-periodic echo-like structures [37]. In this case, one can also take into account the influence of the vertical component of velocity perturbation, caused by short-period and small-scale AGWs, on the ion vertical drift velocity, as it was done in [13]. As we have shown, the oblique upward propagation of the AGWs can influence the upward motion of the heavy metallic ion layers (Figure 3); therefore, the extension of the presented theory for equatorial regions should be important to study the formation of the bubblelike structures of plasma [38].…”

Impact of Meteorological Storms on the E-Region of the Ionosphere in 2017–2018

“…Experimental studies show that the development of these processes leads to ionospheric disturbances. For example, storms and hurricanes are accompanied by strong disturbances of ionospheric F2-layer parameters and total electron content (TEC) [Martinis, Manzano, 1999;Zakharov, Kunitsyn, 2012;Polyakova, Perevalova, 2013;Chernigovskaya et al, 2014Chernigovskaya et al, , 2015Koucká Knížová et al, 2015;Bogdanov et al, 2016;Karpov et al, 2016Karpov et al, , 2019.…”

Impact of meteorological storms on the E-region of the ionosphere in 2017–2018

“…Результаты экспериментальных исследований показывают, что развитие таких процессов приводит к возникновению ионосферных возмущений. Так, например, прохождение метеорологических штормов и ураганов сопровождается значительными возмущениями параметров F2-слоя ионосферы и полного электронного содержания (ионосферный параметр ТЕС) [Martinis, Manzano, 1999;Захаров, Куницын, 2012;Polyakova, Perevalova, 2013;Chernigovskaya et al, , 2015Koucká Knížová et al, 2015;Карпов и др., 2016Борчевкина, Карпов, 2017].…”

“…В частности, были обнаружены случаи, когда слой E s и возмущение в F-области проявляли одинаковую периодичность [van Eyken et al, 1982Parkinson, Dyson, 1998]. Различные аспекты влияния АГВ на слои E s , включая влияние волн на неоднородность горизонтальных ветров на высотах Е-слоя ионосферы, возмущение критической частоты слоя, а также рекомбинационные процессы в верхней мезосференижней термосфере рассматриваются в работах [Пилипенко, Козак, 2012;Barta et al, 2017;Haldoupis, 2012;Šauli, Bourdillon, 2008;Didebulidze et al, 2015].…”