Formation of the (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δphase: reaction mechanism and kinetics

Grivel, Jean-Claude; Flükiger, R.

doi:10.1006/spmi.1996.0387

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…10 h). The present observation may support a formation mechanism suggested by Grivel and Flükiger [15], i.e. that the 2223 phase nucleates by precipitation from the liquid phase when the composition of the latter reaches an appropriate value.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Microstructural evolution at the initial stages of annealing in a Bi-2223 multifilament tape

Liu¹,

Grivel²,

Wang³

et al. 2001

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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The microstructural evolution at the initial stage of annealing in a multifilament Bi-2223Bi- (2223 tape is studied in quenched samples using XRD, SEM and EDS. The annealing was carried out at 830 • C under reduced oxygen partial pressure. Samples were quenched in air upon reaching 830 • C, as well as after 1, 2, 5, 10, 30 and 52 h at 830 • C. It was found that the initial liquid formation was associated with alkaline-earth cuprate (AEC) particles such as (Ca,Sr) 14 Cu 24 O z and (Ca,Sr) 2 CuO 3 . The liquid is rich of Pb and the AEC particles dissolve and supply Cu and Ca into the liquid through direct contact. The 2223 kinetics are well correlated with the structural parameters of liquid and AEC particles. During the first hour the liquid activity is confined to the neighbourhood of AEC particles and the rate of 2223 formation is very low. Between 2 and 10 h the liquid amount increases and the size (measured in tape plane) is comparable with the particle spacing indicating a liquid activity on an overall scale and sufficient feeding of Cu and Ca. Consequently, the 2223 develops at a fast rate. After 10 h the liquid amount is decreased, the particle spacing is far larger than the liquid size and the rate of 2223 formation slows down. The early 2223 forms as precipitates in the structure. The possible formation mechanisms are discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Microstructural evolution at the initial stages of annealing in a Bi-2223 multifilament tape

Liu¹,

Grivel²,

Wang³

et al. 2001

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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“…Trace additives thus appear as a potential general route for lowering the processing temperature of Bi2223. In fluorine-free precursors, the first endothermic peak is due to the partial melting of the Bi2212 phase [32,34]. The temperature of this partial melting is tuned by the incorporation of Pb in Bi2212 that follows a reaction between the latter phase and Pb-containing compounds like Ca 2 PbO 4 present in the calcined precursor powders [35].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Influence of SrF2 on the Formation, Microstructure and Critical Temperature of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 Polycrystalline Samples

Grivel

Jensen

Huhtinen

et al. 2014

J Supercond Nov Magn

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“…It is reported that a critical amount of liquid is necessary for 2223 conversion to start at a fast rate 5 . Furthermore, it is suggested that the liquid has to reach a proper composition prior to 2223 nucleation; 4 not only the Ca/Sr ratio has to reach a proper value, but a critical Cu‐content must also be reached 26 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Furthermore, it is suggested that the liquid has to reach a proper composition prior to 2223 nucleation; 4 not only the Ca/Sr ratio has to reach a proper value, but a critical Cu-content must also be reached. 26 Because of the initial inhomogeneity in the tapes, liquid formation is not uniform in time or space. This is reflected in the occurrence of two distinct compositions for the liquid phase in the 5 h sample (Table III).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Electron Microscopy of (Bi,Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_10+δ/Ag Multifilament Tapes During Initial Stages of Annealing

Bals

Verbeeck

Tendeloo

et al. 2005

Journal of the American Ceramic Society

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The microstructural and compositional evolution during initial annealing of a superconducting (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ/Ag tape is studied using quantitative transmission electron microscopy. Special attention is devoted to the occurrence of Pb‐rich liquids, which are crucial for the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ to (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ transformation. Ca and/or Pb‐rich (Bi,Pb)2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ grains dissolve into a liquid, which reacts with Ca‐rich phases to increase the liquid's Ca‐content. This leads to (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ formation. Apparently, a Ca/Sr ratio of around 1 is sufficient to keep (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ nucleation going. It is confirmed that Ag particles are transported from the Ag‐sheath into the oxide core by the liquid and not by mechanical treatment of the tape.

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Formation of the (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δphase: reaction mechanism and kinetics

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Microstructural evolution at the initial stages of annealing in a Bi-2223 multifilament tape

Microstructural evolution at the initial stages of annealing in a Bi-2223 multifilament tape

Influence of SrF2 on the Formation, Microstructure and Critical Temperature of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 Polycrystalline Samples

Quantitative Electron Microscopy of (Bi,Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_10+δ/Ag Multifilament Tapes During Initial Stages of Annealing

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Formation of the (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δphase: reaction mechanism and kinetics

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Microstructural evolution at the initial stages of annealing in a Bi-2223 multifilament tape

Microstructural evolution at the initial stages of annealing in a Bi-2223 multifilament tape

Influence of SrF2 on the Formation, Microstructure and Critical Temperature of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10 Polycrystalline Samples

Quantitative Electron Microscopy of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ/Ag Multifilament Tapes During Initial Stages of Annealing

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Product

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Quantitative Electron Microscopy of (Bi,Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_10+δ/Ag Multifilament Tapes During Initial Stages of Annealing