“…It was established that, for all the reactions, the Gibbs energy proved to be nega tive; therefore, the occurrence of these reactions is possible. It was found that Δ = -444.5 kJ for reaction (4), Δ = -60.2 kJ for reaction (5), Δ = -527.6 kJ for reaction (6), and Δ = ⎯145.8 kJ for reaction (7). According to the probabil ity of the occurrence in accordance with the calculated The measurement of the microhardness of the irra diated surface layer of the (Cu 50 Ni 50 ) + C system for the chosen mode of the laser radiation revealed a decrease in the microhardness as compared to the ini tial state (Fig.…”