Formation of the Eurasian “Steppe Belt” of Stockbreeding Cultures: Viewed Through the Prism of Archaeometallurgy and Radiocarbon Dating*

Chernykh, E. N.

doi:10.1016/j.aeae.2008.11.003

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…First, a chronological observation suggests that the early spearheads have a narrower head in the shape of a willow leaf with a hook and triple-line decorations (Figure 1: 2-3), whereas the later spearheads have a wider willow-leaf-shaped head but retain the triple-line decoration (Figure 1: 1). The former type is similar to south Siberian Okunevo culture spearheads (c. 2400-1800 BC), while examples of the latter type are from the Rostovka Cemetery near Omsk (Figure 1: 1) (Chernykh 1992;Svyatko et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origins of metallurgy in China

Meicun

Liu

2017

Antiquity

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Archaeologists worldwide have shown much interest in the origins of metallurgy in China (e.g. Mei 2005; Hanks et al. 2007; Parzinger 2011; Fan et al. 2012). Around 2200–1700 BC, the Seima-Turbino Culture originated in the Altai Mountains of Central Asia and spread across the Eurasian steppes (Chernykh 2004, 2008). The most iconic artefact of this culture is the socketed spearhead with single side hook; these have been found across the Eurasian steppes (Figure 1: 1–2). Two new observations of these spearheads suggest that Seima-Turbino metal-casting technology was responsible for the development of metallurgy in China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origins of metallurgy in China

Meicun

Liu

2017

Antiquity

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“…Pinhasi et al 2000;Gkiasta et al 2003;Davison et al 2007), were investigated using 14 C data sets. The chronology of the appearance and spread of metalworking in central and eastern Europe, the Near East, and the Urals was established based on a 14 C database of archaeological complexes with the earliest evidence of metallurgy (Chernykh et al 2000;Chernykh 2008). …”

Section: Major Results In 14 C Dating the Prehistory And Its Impact Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mochanov and Fedoseeva 1985;Goebel and Aksenov 1995;Goebel and Slobodin 1999;Vasil'ev et al 2002;Dolukhanov et al 2002;Sulerzhitsky 2004;Kuzmin 2007) and Holocene cultural complexes (e.g. Ackerman 1982;Mochanov and Fedoseeva 1985;Zaitseva et al 1993;Dumond and Bland 1995;Weber 1995;Sementsov et al 1998;Kuzmin 2000Kuzmin , 2006bKuzmin and Orlova 2000;Kuzmin and Vetrov 2007;Görsdorf et al 2001;Fitzhugh et al 2002;Pitulko 2004;Timofeev et al 2004;Chernykh 2008). …”

Section: Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiocarbon and the Old World Archaeology: Shaping a Chronological Framework

Kuzmin¹

2009

Radiocarbon

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The inception of the radiocarbon dating method in 1949 was immediately supported by many archaeologists. In the following 2 decades, many important archaeological sites in the Old World were dated, marking the beginning of building a reliable chronological framework for prehistoric and early historic cultural complexes worldwide. The author presents an observation of some of the most important results in establishing a chronology for Old World archaeology, based on 14C dating performed in the last 50 yr. An extensive bibliography should help scholars to get acquainted with early summaries on archaeological chronologies based on 14C data and their evaluation, as well as with some recent examples of the application of 14C dating in Old World archaeology.

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“…According to Slavnin and Sherstova (1999) this archeological culture was formed by martial tribes of Indoirans (Arians), who migrated to Khakassia from the west-southwest. This, possibly more humid period, resulted in a population bloom in steppe tribes across the 'great steppe belt of Eurasia' and excessive numbers of the population were forced to migrate to the east in Khakassia (Bokovenko 1992, Slavnin and Sherstova 1999, Chernykh 2008, Blyakharchuk and Chernova 2013.…”

Section: Andronovo Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

Potential influence of the late Holocene climate on settled farming versus nomadic cattle herding in the Minusinsk Hollow, south-central Siberia

Blyakharchuk

Tchebakova

Parfenova

et al. 2014

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Prehistoric and early historic human cultures are known to be closely connected to and dependent on their natural environments. We test the hypothesis that climate change influenced the means of subsistence of ancient tribes and favored agricultural or cattle herding economic strategies. Our study area is the Khakass-Minusinsk Hollow, located in the foothills of the Sayan Mountains, south-central Siberia, which was, for a few millennia, a buffer zone for human migrations across the Great Eurasian Steppe. Three different methods (the Montane BioClimatic Model, MontBCliM; the biomization method; and the actualizm method) are employed to reconstruct vegetation taken from the fossil pollen of sediment cores in two mountain lakes at eleven time slices related to successive human cultures back to the mid-Holocene. MontBCliM model is used inversely to convert site paleo-vegetation into site paleo-climates. Climate-based regression models are developed and applied to reconstructed climates to evaluate possible pasture and grain crops for these time slices. Pollen-based reconstructions of the climate fluctuations uncovered several dry periods with steppe and forest-steppe and wetter periods with forests since 6000 BP. Grasslands increased by an order of magnitude during the dry periods and provided extensive open space suitable for pastoralism; however, both grain and pasture yields decreased during these dry periods. During wetter climates, both grain and pasture yields increased twofold and supported more fixed human settlements centered around farming and cattle herding. Thus, the dry periods favored pastoralist rather than farming activities. Conversely, tribes that practiced agriculture had some advantage in the wet periods.

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Formation of the Eurasian “Steppe Belt” of Stockbreeding Cultures: Viewed Through the Prism of Archaeometallurgy and Radiocarbon Dating*

Cited by 44 publications

References 2 publications

The origins of metallurgy in China

The origins of metallurgy in China

Radiocarbon and the Old World Archaeology: Shaping a Chronological Framework

Potential influence of the late Holocene climate on settled farming versus nomadic cattle herding in the Minusinsk Hollow, south-central Siberia

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