Formation of the modern scenic city of Hangzhou: towards conservation integrated urban planning, 1950s–1990s

Abstract

From the 1950s to the 1990s, China underwent a significant transformation of its political system and economy, from socialism to rapid development after the reform and opening up. In the 1980s and 1990s, to meet the demand for housing and urban modernization under the rapid growth of cities, almost all Chinese cities underwent large-scale urban construction, transformation and expansion. With this background of rapid advancement, many cities have lost their traditional urban features and characteristics. However, it was during this period that Hangzhou not only restored the historical scenery of West Lake through multiple projects but also explored overall planning of the city and introduced conservation ideas, making West Lake, which was originally located outside the city, part of the city. This period also shaped the contemporary urban characteristics of Hangzhou with traditional landscape features. To explore Hangzhou’s positive experience and determine the critical junctures and influencing factors, this study observed the entire historical process using morphological methods. Based on a summary of the characteristics of each development stage, this study further focuses on the key issue of how conservation ideas are gradually introduced into urban planning and affect the development process.

Commercial Culture as a Key Impetus in Shaping and Transforming Urban Structure: Case Study of Hangzhou, China

“…Some other studies emphasized the evolution and function of the natural and cultural landscapes of the city, particularly the West Lake, in forming ancient Hangzhou as an icon of Chinese landscape appreciation [25] and modern Hangzhou as a scenic city [24,30]. In addition to the water landscape, exemplified by the West Lake, some attention has also been paid to the mountain landscape, exemplified by Wushan [31][32][33], in constituting Hangzhou's urban landscape.…”