Formation of the Qixiashan Pb–Zn deposit in Middle-Lower Yangtze River Valley, eastern China: Insights from fluid inclusions and in situ LA-ICP-MS sulfur isotope data

Origin of the Yinshan Pb-Zn-Ag Deposit in the Edong District Section of the Middle–Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt: Insights from In-Situ Sulfur Isotopes

“…In the Yangtze River Metallogenic belt, it is expected that Pb-Zn-Ag deposits in the other districts share similar metallogenic processes with the Yinshan deposit [2,3,5,6,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][21][22][23][24][25]. Comparisons to other deposits can provide insights into the controlling factors influencing Pb-Zn mineralization.…”

“…Overprinting of Hercynian stratabound sulfides is only reported in the Baiyangfan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in the Jiurui district [21,22] and the Qixiashan Pb-Zn-Ag deposit in Ningzhen district [23][24][25]. However, in most other deposits, Pb-Zn ore bodies typically develop in weak zones of the host rock, such as the interlayer fracture zone between clastic and carbonate rocks, as observed in the Huangshanling Pb-Zn-Ag-Mo deposit in Anqing-Guichi district [11][12][13], the Qixiashan Pb-Zn deposit in the Ningzhen district [23][24][25], or in volcanic sedimentary rock, as seen in the Yueshan Ag-Pb-Zn deposit [14,16,17]. Another example of this development can be found in fault zones, as seen in the Hehuashan Pb-Zn deposit [6].…”

“…Isotopic and trace element studies conducted on sulfide minerals in other Pb-Zn deposits within the MYRB consistently indicate a significant contribution from magmatic fluid [2,3,[5][6][7][8][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]19,[21][22][23][24][25]. The Huangshanling and Yaojialing deposits, with wellexposed ore bodies and magmatic rocks, serve as ideal examples for examining the parental magma of Pb-Zn mineralization.…”

“…Thus, comprehending the genesis of Pb-Zn mineralization assumes paramount importance in the pursuit of exploring Cu-Fe-Au-Mo deposits in the MYRB. Nonetheless, the origin of Pb-Zn deposits in the MYRB remains an issue subject to contention, with varying hypotheses proposed, including: (1) magmatic origin [2][3][4][5]7,8,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]; (2) Hercynian sedimentary sulfide minerals overprinted by Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal fluid [21][22][23][24][25]; (3) basinal fluid origin [6]; or (4) organic fluid origin [26,27]. This state of uncertainty has hindered the exploration of Pb-Zn and other metals within the MYRB.…”

Review: Sulfur Analysis using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

“…Plasma-induced fractionation during sulfur isotope measurements is reportedly due to the valence state difference of sulfur, such as sulfates (S +6 ) and sulfides (S −2 ). 8 LA-MC-ICP-MS was used to analyze sulfur isotopes to characterize the mineralization of lead-zinc, gold, coppermolybdenum-lead-zinc, and antimony deposits, 42,58,95,140,109 as well as to investigate ore-forming processes. 19,49…”