Formation of thermo-mechanically affected zone in friction stir welding

Zolghadr, Parisa; Akbari, Mostafa; Asadi, Parviz

doi:10.1088/2053-1591/ab1d25

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Aluminum, magnesium and lithium are sensitive to highly acidic solutions due to their high electrochemical activity [22,46], they all have negative electrochemical force values, which is also called corrosion potential [31]. Hydrogen ions in the acidic environment (EXCO solution) receive electrons consequently hydrogen released, which acts as a driving force for corrosion occurrence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the T 1 phase, some θ′ phase was observed. However, T 1 phase, with high electrochemical activity, precipitates preferentially at grain boundaries, sub-grain boundaries and dislocations, are the main places of corrosion selectivity [22,29]. .…”

Section: Empirical Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the welded parts by using FSW method are divided into a base material (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ), thermal-mechanical affect zone (TMAZ) and weld nugget zone (WNZ) [10], thus each zone shows different microstructure [11][12][13]. The precipitates in the BM primarily consist of T 1 (Al 2 CuLi) and θ´(Al 2 Cu) phases [11,14,15], while in HAZ the phases are δ′ (Al 3 Li) [14,[16][17][18][19], while there are reports show S′ (Al 2 CuMg) phase in HAZ [10,[20][21][22]. In terms of WNZ, which is affected by both thermomechanical and stirring, both δ′ and β′ (Al 3 Zr) are the major strengthening phases [14,16,23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to these microstructural changes, many researchers have studied the corrosion performance of welded alloys [25][26][27][28]. Liu et al [22] found that the high proportion of T 1 phase reduced the corrosion sensitivity of the 2198 Al-Li alloy. Ma et al [29] reported that the dissolution of T 1 phase in FSW joint made the corrosion degree lower than BM in 2099 Al-Li alloy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical behavior associated with metallurgical aspects of friction stir welded Al–Li alloy exposed to exfoliation corrosion test

Baiyao

Zhang

Khoshnaw

2020

Mater. Res. Express

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This research aims to investigate the effect of the exfoliation corrosion exposure time on the mechanical properties, the strength and elongation, of friction stir welded Al-Li alloy type 2195-T8. The exfoliation corrosion test was performed using the exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) solution, based on ASTM G34. The samples were exposed to different exposure times 24,48, 96, 192 and 384 h. The results showed that both the strength and elongation of the welded specimens-exposed to the exfoliation corrosion tests-were reduced. For example, the samples that were exposed to 384 h, their initial tensile strength and elongation were reduced by 13% and 17% respectively. The degradation process due to the exfoliation corrosion on the tensile strength was divided into three stages: fast (0-96 h: 443.7 MPa-416.3 MPa, the degraded rate was 0.29 MPa/h), steady (96-192 h: 416.3 MPa-413.4 MPa, the degraded rate was 0.03 MPa h −1 ) and medium rate MPa, the degraded rate was 0.14 MPa h −1 ). For the elongation, in general, the reduction was similar to the style of strength, but with different rates. The TEM images showed that this degradation was due to the dissolution of T 1 (Al 2 CuLi) and S′ (Al 2 CuMg) phase. Also, the corrosion products and their role of adherence on the surface of the tested specimens were investigated. An empirical equation p-t (mechanical properties-exposure time) was established to calculate the effect of exposure corrosion time on the performance of welded specimens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Empirical Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mechanical behavior associated with metallurgical aspects of friction stir welded Al–Li alloy exposed to exfoliation corrosion test

Baiyao

Zhang

Khoshnaw

2020

Mater. Res. Express

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“…For example, fusion welding processes cause defects arisen from melting and solidification steps including segregations, dendritic structures, porosities, shrinkage, distortions, inclusions, etc. [2]. In this regard, solid-state processes can be good alternatives for fusion welding processes such as arc welding methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of nanoindentation to evaluate the hardness and yield strength of brass joints produced by FSW: microstructural and strengthening mechanisms

Heidarzadeh

Paidar

Güleryüz

et al. 2020

Archiv.Civ.Mech.Eng

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Nanoindentation test was employed to measure the actual hardness and yield strength of the stir zone in the friction stirwelded single-phase brass joints. For this aim, different joints were prepared according to an experimental matrix based on the central composite rotatable design. In this design matrix, the tool rotational speed, tool traverse speed, and tool axial force were the input parameters. The outputs were the hardness and yield strength of the joints. To measure the hardness and tensile strength of the joints, the nanoindentation test was employed. Moreover, electron back scattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques were used to study the microstructural features. The results showed that by decreasing rotational speed and axial force, and by increasing the traverse speed, the hardness and yield strength of the joints were increased. In other words, lower heat inputs caused higher strength in the joints. Finer grain sizes, larger grain average misorientation amounts, i.e., existence of more dislocations, and greater Taylor factors in the lower heat input joints revealed that the influence of grain boundaries, dislocations, and texture were the origins of better mechanical properties.

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Development of in situ MMC joint using friction stir spot welding of Al6061-T6

Chaudhary

Singh

2022

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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In this study, friction stir spot welded joints of Al6061-T6 were obtained using Silicon Carbide particles as reinforcement. The effect of reinforced particles along with process parameters was analyzed in terms of tensile-shear strength, weld structure, hook formation. The investigations revealed that tensile-shear strength increased by 29.78 % with incorporation of silicon carbides particles in the weld region. The guiding hole diameter was found to be signi cant parameter for improved weld strength. Combination of moderate tool rotation speed, higher pre-dwelling time and guiding hole diameter were recognized as effective combination of process parameters. Weld cross sections were studied under stereo zoom microscope and optical microscope to observe different bonding regions. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) con rmed the presence of silicon carbides particles in weld region.

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Formation of thermo-mechanically affected zone in friction stir welding

Cited by 35 publications

References 37 publications

Mechanical behavior associated with metallurgical aspects of friction stir welded Al–Li alloy exposed to exfoliation corrosion test

Mechanical behavior associated with metallurgical aspects of friction stir welded Al–Li alloy exposed to exfoliation corrosion test

Application of nanoindentation to evaluate the hardness and yield strength of brass joints produced by FSW: microstructural and strengthening mechanisms

Development of in situ MMC joint using friction stir spot welding of Al6061-T6

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