Formation of Ti3+ ions at the surface of laser-irradiated rutile

On-line monitoring of laser modification of titanium dioxide using optical surface second harmonic

“…Previous work by our group also suggested that the decrease in SSH intensity (above 0.2 second in this work) was coincident with a change in the crystal phase of the titania from anatase to rutile [12][13][14]. Similar changes have been reported by Le Mercier and co-workers when the single crystal TiO 2 materials were exposed to high power 355 nm laser [15,16].…”

High surface area, amorphous titania with reactive Ti3+ through a photo-assisted synthesis method for photocatalytic H2 generation

“…26,29 However, the degree of hydrogenation must be carefully controlled since it can lead to highly concentrated bulk defects that can decrease the photocatalytic activity, with the Ti 3+ sites acting as recombination centers. 24,30,31 Other methods to generate the Ti 3+ species, such as with plasma treatment; 32 with laser, electron, or neutron beam irradiation; [33][34][35][36] or with vacuum activation; 37,38 are costly and impractical for the large-scale preparation of materials.…”

One-step synthesis of nonstoichiometric TiO2 with designed (101) facets for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution

“…For instance, a metallic zinc-assisted method has been used to synthesize Ti 3+ doped TiO 2-x [14]. Some other methods such as plasma treatment [15], laser irradiation [16], or high-energy particle bombardment [17] have also been used to achieve the doping of Ti 3+ into TiO 2-x . Although substantial progress on facet and doping has been made in preparing TiO 2 -based materials, exploration of one-step method to achieve in-situ Ti 3+ self-doping TiO 2 with designed (101) facets for enhanced photocatalytic H 2 evolution is highly desired.…”