Formation of Turbulence at Astronomical Observatories in Southern Siberia and North Caucasus

Determination of the type of atmospheric turbulence based on the meteorological measurements data receiving in real time mode

“…The type of atmospheric turbulence (Kolmogorov, coherent, etc.) is determined by the magnitude of the slope of the spectrum of temperature fluctuations W T (f ), which is equal to «-5/3» under Kolmogorov turbulence 1,14 , and «-8/3» under coherent turbulence 15,16 .…”

“…At the same time, the approaches and methods used to calculate turbulence characteristics were obtained mainly for conditions of developed turbulence and a relatively flat underlying surface 2,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] . However, in experiments on the study of atmospheric turbulence conducted in mountainous conditions and indoor, the deviations from the predictions of the theory are often found, which manifest themselves in the spectral characteristics of turbulence 15,16 . The properties of the spectra of fluctuations of meteorological elements, such as air temperature and wind speed, differ significantly from those characteristic of the theory, and accordingly, devices based on the principles of the Kolmogorov-Obukhov theory and used to study turbulence, give data, the interpretation of which becomes erroneous.…”

“…This, in turn, may lead to incorrect estimates and conclusions, and therefore the timely identification of such deviations is of actual practical interest. Thus, in optical and meteorological experiments under atmospheric turbulence, as well as when studying its properties, prompt information about the type of turbulence (Kolmogorov 1,14 , coherent 15,16 , etc.) at the measurement site is required.…”

“…For example, the region of atmospheric coherent turbulence, i.e. the region with the dominant influence of single coherent structure 15,16 , is entrailed by the external wind and transported through the sensors of the weather station. Meanwhile the presence of such a region is manifested in the form of a slope of the initial section of the inertial interval of the spectrum, which differs from the Kolmogorov-Obukhov theory.…”

Features of formation of sodium laser guide star in Russian observatories

“…Parameters of astronomical sitesWe consider four astronomical observatories: Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SAO RAS) is 6-meters Big Telescope Alt-azimuthal (BTA) site, Terscol Observatory of Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INASAN), Crimean Astrophysical Observatory (CrAO), Sayan Solar Observatory (SSO) of Institute of Solar--Terrestrial Physics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ISTP SB RAS). The atmospheric parameters were studied by Nosov3 , Shikhovtsev4 at the astronomical sites .…”