Formation of wear resistant coatings on Ti–6Al–4V by calciothermic reduction

Moorhouse, B. S.; Reddyhoff, Tom; Ward-Close, Malcolm; Ryan, Mary P.; Shollock, Barbara A.

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.01.055

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Typical impurity elements include O, Fe, Ni, and Cr. Oxygen, in particular, degrades the processability in the target production, and adversely affects the rate of information transmission due to the increase in resistance and the loss of circuit, hence, the oxygen content should be limited to 400 ppm or less [2,3]. Also oxygen is an alloying element that is a standard for the ASTM industrial classification and it is dissolved up to 33 at.-% in α-Ti (Hexagonal close-packed titanium) [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation method of low-oxygen Ti-6Al-4V alloy by solid state re-deoxidation using calcium

Kim

et al. 2019

Materials Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The oxygen concentration in commercial Ti-6Al-4 V alloys was reduced to less than 400 ppm in this study by the method of solid state re-deoxidation, using calcium as a reductant. The concentration of oxygen in the deoxidised Ti-6Al-4 V alloy was 630 ppm at the optimum deoxidation temperature of 1000°C. When the degree of vacuum was increased and re-deoxidation was carried out, the oxygen concentration decreased to 355 ppm. Therefore, it is possible to prepare a Ti-6Al-4 V alloy with an oxygen concentration of less than 400 ppm by using the solid state re-deoxidation method at a high degree of vacuum of 1.5 × 10-6 Torr.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation method of low-oxygen Ti-6Al-4V alloy by solid state re-deoxidation using calcium

Kim

et al. 2019

Materials Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During oxide reduction, calcium chloride molten salt acts as a suitable solvent and has a high solubility for calcium and calcium oxide as a byproduct formed by reduction. Metallic titanium [1], zirconium [2], hafnium [3], niobium [4], tantalum [4], vanadium-titanium [5], titanium-aluminum-vanadium [6], titanium-chromium [7][8][9], samarium-iron [10], and niobium aluminide [11] are formed via reduction of these oxides with a calcium reductant in calcium chloride molten salt. The residual oxygen in the reduced metal decreases continuously by deoxidation with a calcium reductant [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid reduction of titanium dioxide nano-particles by reduction with a calcium reductant

Kikuchi

Yoshida

Matsuura

et al. 2014

Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Micro-, submicron-, and nano-scale titanium dioxide particles were reduced by reduction with a metallic calcium reductant in calcium chloride molten salt at 1173 K, and the reduction mechanism of the oxides by the calcium reductant was explored. These oxide particles, metallic calcium as a reducing agent, and calcium chloride as a molten salt were placed in a titanium crucible and heated under an argon atmosphere. Titanium dioxide was reduced to metallic titanium through a calcium titanate and lower titanium oxide, and the materials were sintered together to form a micro-porous titanium structure in molten salt at high temperature. The reduction rate of titanium dioxide was observed to increase with decreasing particle size; accordingly, the residual oxygen content in the reduced titanium decreases. The obtained micro-porous titanium appeared dark gray in color because of its low surface reflection. Micro-porous metallic titanium with a low oxygen content (0.42 wt%) and a large surface area (1.794 m 2 g -1 ) can be successfully obtained by reduction under optimal conditions. Key words: Titanium, Calcium, Calciothermic reduction, Nano-particles, Electrolytic capacitor IntroductionMetallic calcium can easily reduce a large number of metal oxides directly to metals because calcium has a strong reducing ability. The reduction of metal oxides with a calcium reductant in calcium chloride molten salt at high temperature, well known as the calciothermic reaction, has long been widely investigated by many researchers. During oxide reduction, calcium chloride molten salt acts as a suitable solvent and has a high solubility for calcium and calcium oxide as a byproduct formed by reduction. [11] are formed via reduction of these oxides with a calcium reductant in calcium chloride molten salt. The residual oxygen in the reduced metal decreases continuously by deoxidation with a calcium reductant [4]. Pure metals, alloys, and intermetallic compounds with a lower residual oxygen content can be successfully fabricated by a one-step reduction technique. Reduction with a calcium reductant is a simpler technique for the production of these metals without complicated processes such as the Kroll process, although reduction is a batch-type production method.In recent years, a method for the successive reduction of metal oxides was developed by electrolysis in calcium chloride and calcium oxide mixture molten salts. Ono and Suzuki reported that calcium oxide in molten calcium chloride becomes the reductant source for the reduction of metal oxides during constant-voltage electrolysis [12]. For example, metallic calcium formed electrochemically at a cathode reacts with metal oxides, and reduced metals with a low residual oxygen content can be formed (OS (Ono and Suzuki) Kyoto process). Metallic titanium [13][14][15], niobium [16], nickel [17], and other alloys and intermetallic compounds [18,19] can be formed via the OS process. In addition, the electrochemical decomposition of carbon dioxide gas by an advanced OS process using ...

show abstract

“…[1][2][3] Various transition metals can be directly reduced from their oxides with metallic calcium because of its strong reducing ability. Therefore, calciothermic reduction for industrial applications had been widely investigated by many research groups to date, and metallic titanium, 4-9 zirconium, 10,11 hafnium, 12 niobium, [13][14][15] tantalum, 16,17 nickel, 18 uranium, 19 and their alloys [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] can be successfully obtained via calciothermic reduction and advanced techniques. 28,29 Although carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is an extremely stable chemical species in our environment, the chemical decomposition of CO 2 is an important technology for global environmental issues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Nanotube Synthesis via the Calciothermic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with Iron Additives

Kikuchi

Ishida

Natsui

et al. 2015

ECS Solid State Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The novel fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/cementite (Fe3C) nanocomposites was demonstrated via the calciothermic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) through electrolysis in molten CaCl2/CaO with iron additives at 1173 K. In this technique, CO2 generated from a graphite anode is reduced to carbon with a metallic calcium reductant formed on a graphite cathode via electrolysis in molten salt. Calciothermic reduction without iron additives resulted in the formation of onion-like carbons (OLCs) with spherical graphite layers and thin graphite sheets. In contrast, MWCNT/Fe3C nanocomposites and OLCs were successfully fabricated via calciothermic reduction with iron additives through their catalytic activities

show abstract

Formation of wear resistant coatings on Ti–6Al–4V by calciothermic reduction

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

Preparation method of low-oxygen Ti-6Al-4V alloy by solid state re-deoxidation using calcium

Preparation method of low-oxygen Ti-6Al-4V alloy by solid state re-deoxidation using calcium

Rapid reduction of titanium dioxide nano-particles by reduction with a calcium reductant

Carbon Nanotube Synthesis via the Calciothermic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with Iron Additives

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About