Formation, prevention and breaking of sea water in crude oil emulsions ‘chocolate mousses’

Bridié, A.L.A.M.; Wanders, Th. H.; Zegveld, W.; Heijde, H.B. van der

doi:10.1016/0025-326x(80)90279-9

Cited by 87 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Asphaltenes were extracted from Safaniya vaccum residue by precipitation in an excess of n-heptane, according to the NF T60-115 method. Their density was 1.1207 g/cm 3 at 25°C. The silica particles were furnished by Potters Industry Inc. (grade 110P8, mean size 11 μm, non porous).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions are preferentially created because of the oil soluble nature of the stabilizing compounds. This kind of emulsion can be very stable due to the presence of native surfactants such as asphaltenes and resins, which play the role of emulsifiers but also because of small solid particles (crystallized waxes and clays for example) [1][2][3][4]. W/O emulsion is undesired since its volume and viscosity, being higher than that of crude oil, raise operational costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Destabilisation of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions by Silicone Copolymer Demulsifiers

Daniel‐David

Follotec

Pezron

et al. 2008

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

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Résumé -Déstabilisation des émulsions eau dans pétrole brut par des polymères siliconés désémulsionnants -Des émulsions stables de type eau dans huile se forment lors de la production de pétrole brut. Les asphaltènes, molécules tensioactives naturellement présentes dans le pétrole, créent un film viscoélastique qui empêche les gouttelettes d'eau de coalescer. La séparation de l'eau par l'ajout de tensioactifs désémulsionnants est indispensable avant l'étape du raffinage. Récemment, des formulations à base de copolymères polyéther siliconés ont prouvé leur efficacité et leur caractérisation aux interfaces eau/air et eau/pétrole a été effectuée. Différents mécanismes de désémulsification peuvent être envisagés : (i) dissolution des agrégats d'asphaltènes ou (ii) déplacement de ceux-ci dû à l'adsorption des polysiloxanes à l'interface eau/pétrole. Afin d'élucider le type de mécanisme, diverses techniques ont été utilisées pour étudier les interactions entre asphaltènes et copolymère : rayons X aux petits angles permettant d'étudier une éventuelle influence du copolymère sur la taille des agrégats d'asphaltènes, capacité du copolymère à chasser les agrégats d'asphaltènes préalablement adsorbés sur des billes de silice (modélisant les gouttelettes d'eau), microscopie à force atomique utilisée pour observer l'action du copolymère sur la structure des films asphalténiques. Abstract -Destabilisation of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions by Silicone Copolymer Demulsifiers -Asphaltene aggregates are known to form viscoelastic film preventing the coalescence of droplets in water-in-oil emulsions formed during crude oil exploitation. Since phase separation is necessary for oil refining process, demulsifying additives are used. It was found that formulations based on polysiloxane copolymers promote separation of water from crude oil even at very low concentration (few tens of ppm). Two alternative scenarios of emulsion destabilisation can be envisaged: (i) dissolution of asphaltene aggregates or (ii) displacement of the asphaltene network by adsorption of the more surface active copolymer into void sites at the oil/water interface. In order to reveal the mechanism of destabilisation, interactions between asphaltene aggregates and copolymer were explored. For that purpose various techniques have been employed: small angle X-ray scattering allowing the determination of the influence of copolymer on the size of asphaltene aggregate; capacity of copolymer to displace asphaltene aggregates initially adsorbed on silica particles (which simulate water droplets); Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was used to observe the influence of copolymer on the interfacial structure of asphaltene films spread on water surface.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destabilisation of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions by Silicone Copolymer Demulsifiers

Daniel‐David

Follotec

Pezron

et al. 2008

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

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“…During operations of crude oil production, water-in-oil emulsions are naturally produced due to the presence of water in the reservoir, high stirring zones in production facilities and amphiphilic indigenous species in crude oil, like asphaltenes and resins [1][2][3], but also to organic or inorganic small solids like waxes and sand [4][5][6]. In spite of the fact that these systems are thermodynamically unstable, they may be very resistant against coalescence, mainly due to their interface characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation Kinetics and Viscoelastic Properties of Water/Crude Oil Interfacial Films

Quintero

Noı̈k

Dalmazzone

et al. 2009

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

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Résumé -Cinétique de formation et propriétés viscoélastiques du film interfacial eau/brut pétrolier -Les propriétés viscoélastiques du film interfacial huile/eau ont été étudiées sur un système pétrole brut de type paraffinique/eau salée afin d'en déterminer la cinétique de formation. Un tensiomètre à goutte pendante oscillante a été utilisé pour mesurer la tension interfaciale dynamique ainsi que les modules élastique (E') et visqueux (E") à différentes températures (20-60 °C) et à plusieurs fréquences (N). L'évolution de ces propriétés a été analysée et les mesures à 15 minutes indiquent que les modules et le déphasage vérifient les critères proposés par Winter et Chambon pour la formation d'une structure organisée à l'interface. L'effet de l'âge de l'interface est discuté sur les valeurs des modules d'élasticité ainsi que l'effet de la température sur les propriétés de surface et de tension interfaciale. Abstract -Formation Kinetics and Viscoelastic Properties of Water/Crude Oil Interfacial Films -Viscoelastic interfacial properties of a light paraffinic crude oil/water system were studied in order to determine the formation film kinetics. A drop oscillatory tensiometer was used for measuring the dynamical interfacial tension and elastic (E') / viscous (E") modulus at different temperatures (20-60°C) and different pulsation frequencies (N).

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“…The rate of oil-water emulsification (mousse formation) also increases with wind speed. Oil-water emulsification will change the flow characteristics of spilled oil (Bridie et al 1980) and limit the selection of oil-recovery equipment.…”

Section: Primary Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mousse can be produced within a matter of hours following a spill (Bridie et al 1980). The processes associated with ice formation and movement may enhance both the rates of dispersion and emulsification, while at the same time inhibiting rates of microbial degradation (Payne et al 1987).…”

Section: 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of self-help oil-spill response techniques and equipment

Enderlin¹,

Downing²,

Enderlin³

et al. 1992

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Formation, prevention and breaking of sea water in crude oil emulsions ‘chocolate mousses’

Cited by 87 publications

References 0 publications

Destabilisation of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions by Silicone Copolymer Demulsifiers

Destabilisation of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions by Silicone Copolymer Demulsifiers

Formation Kinetics and Viscoelastic Properties of Water/Crude Oil Interfacial Films

Investigation of self-help oil-spill response techniques and equipment

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