Formation, Reduction and Emission Behaviors of CBzs and PCDD/Fs from Cement Plants

Li, Yeqing; Zhan, Mingxiu; Chen, Tong; Zhang, Jiang; Li, Xiaodong; Yan, Jun; Buekens, Alfons

doi:10.4209/aaqr.2016.01.0045

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Studies have shown that the formation of secondary aerosols depends on their saturation ratio and environmental conditions . Moreover, aerosols in the ambient air can be removed from the atmosphere by dry or wet deposition (Cheruiyot et al, 2015;Cheruiyot et al, 2016;Li et al, 2016b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Part I: PM2.5 and Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the Ambient Air of Southern China

Tang

Cui

Xing

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The atmospheric PM 2.5 , PM 2.5 /PM 10 , PCDD/Fs-WHO 2005 -TEQ, and PCDD/F (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofuran) phase distributions of 23 cities in southern China, during 2014-2016, were investigated in this study. In general, the cities with higher latitudes had higher PM 2.5 concentrations than those with lower latitudes. During 2014-2016, the lowest three-year average concentrations of PM 2.5 occurred at Sanya and Haikou and were 16.4 and 21.7 µg m -3 , respectively; while the highest concentrations of PM 2.5 was occurred at Wuhan and Luzhou and were 68.8 and 63.1 µg m -3 , respectively. During 2015-2016, the PM 2.5 concentrations of most of cities decreased, but those of five cities (Chengdu, Luzhou, Nanchang, Qujing and Quanzhou) increased, indicting that the air quality of these five cities was still not well controlled. The average R M values of the 23 cities were 5.20, 4.49 and 4.13 in 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively, which revealed that the PM 2.5 concentrations in the cities of southern China slowly decreased, although they were still far above the WHO air quality regulated standard (10 µg m -3). In general, a city with a higher PM 2.5 concentration was also had a higher PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio. Among the 23 cities, the six highest three-year averages of total-PCDD/Fs-WHO 2005 -TEQ concentrations were 0.0665, 0.0633, 0.0625, 0.0600, 0.0528 and 0.0526 pg-WHO 2005 -TEQ m -3 in Chengdu, Wuhan, Nanjing, Hefei, Luzhou and Hangzhou, respectively. During 2014, the six cities (Hefei, Nanjing, Wuhan, Guiyang, Shanghai and Chengdu) with the lowest temperatures in winter (an average of 5.4°C), their average particle phase fractions of total-PCDD/Fs-WHO 2005 -TEQ that were approximately 76%, 53%, 71% and 93% in the spring, summer, fall and winter, respectively; while, the six cities (Haikou, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Nanning, Nanchang and Changsha) with the highest temperatures in summer (an average of 16.5°C), had average particle phase fractions of total-PCDD/Fs-WHO 2005 -TEQ that were approximately 61%, 42%, 57% and 81% in the spring, summer, fall and winter, respectively. The results of this study provide information showing the trends of both atmospheric PM 2.5 and PCDD/Fs in the cities of southern China. In addition, this study provided the overview relating to the PM 2.5 and PCDD/Fs in ambient air of southern China, which was not reported in previous studies. The results of this study were of great importance to present the trends of air quality in China. It is also useful for the establishment of control strategies in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Part I: PM2.5 and Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the Ambient Air of Southern China

Tang

Cui

Xing

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…A total of 50.1 million tons of municipal solid waste was incinerated in China in 2013 (a 33% increase over the last decade) (Han et al, 2016a;Meng et al, 2016), becoming an important emission source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) (Xu et al, 2009;Li et al, 2012;Li et al, 2016), as well as dioxin-like compounds such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (Guo et al, 2014). Concentrations of PCDD/Fs and PCBs released in flue gases from MSWIs primarily increase with increasing incineration temperature, and are typically adsorbed onto atmospheric particles (Cetin et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas-Particle Partitioning of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls in Flue Gases from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators

Han

Liu

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Gas-particle partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and biphenyls (PCBs) was evaluated in flue gases emitted from two municipal solid waste incinerators. Total PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in the flue gas were presented, in decreasing order, within gas phases, particulate phases, and aqueous phases. PCDD/F concentrations in the flue gas ranged from 0.75 to 15 ng m -3 , while in the particulate phase they ranged from 0.14 to 8.1 ng m -3 . Dioxin-like (dl-) PCBs had concentrations of 0.18-28 ng m -3 in the flue gas, and 0.041-1.3 ng m -3 in the particulate phase. PCDD/F and dl-PCB levels were associated with specific size ranges of particles, increasing as particle size decreased. More than 54% (81%) of PCDD/Fs and 49% (79%) of dl-PCBs were associated with fine particles of less than 2.5 (10) µm-diameter. In addition, average levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and dl-PCBs were 0.15 ± 0.11 ng m , respectively. Levels of non-2,3,7,8-chlorinated PCDD/Fs were much higher than 2,3,7,8-chlorinated PCDD/Fs in PCDD/F homologue patterns. This suggests that more attention should be paid to non-2,3,7,8-chlorinated PCDD/Fs in the environment, given their potential to transform to more toxic species.

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“…Still, the actual contribution the PCDD/Fs desorbed from KD1 made to the total emissions would be lower than the calculated value of 74 pg I-TEQ Nm À3 due to the presence of alkaline raw materials, which can inhibit the formation of PCDD/Fs in the kiln dust. 33 Moreover, gaseous PCDD/Fs will be abated when passing through the suspension preheater, raw mill, and bag lter as described by Li et al, 29 who reported a reduction in the PCDD/Fs concentration from 101 to 13 pg I-TEQ Nm À3 . Therefore, as reported by Li et al, 29 PCDD/Fs originating from their desorption from kiln dust would make a minor contribution to the overall emissions of PCDD/Fs if the PCDD/Fs reduction efficiency of 87% was achieved.…”

Section: Homologue Distribution Of Pcdd/fsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 A higher mass of PCDDs in the gas phase in comparison to the mass of PCDFs indicated that precursor synthesis had occurred. 28 Previous ndings by Li et al 29 also demonstrated an abundance of precursors such as chlorobenzenes (CBzs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).…”

Section: Homologue Distribution Of Pcdd/fsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal reaction characteristics of dioxins on cement kiln dust

et al. 2018

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Cement kiln dust is commonly recycled back into the production process. This results in elevated concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the flue gases of cement plants. The present study investigated the effects the reaction temperature, oxygen content, and origin of kiln dust had on the thermal reaction characteristics of PCDD/Fs. The concentration of 2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs that were desorbed from the kiln dust decreased as the reaction temperature was increased and the higher temperature facilitated the degradation of PCDD/Fs. However, the oxygen content, which ranged from 6-21%, had only a minor impact on the thermal reaction characteristics of PCDD/Fs. Finally, the thermal reaction characteristics of PCDD/Fs were largely affected by the origin of the kiln dust; 1.2 pg I-TEQ g À1 was desorbed from kiln dust originating from a cement plant that co-processed refusederived fuel (RDF) and 47.5 pg I-TEQ g À1 was desorbed from kiln dust originating from a cement plant that co-processed hazardous waste. The study also found that PCDD/F formation pathways were dependent on the origin of the kiln dust; precursor synthesis dominated PCDD/F formation on the kiln dust collected from a cement plant that co-processed RDF, while de novo synthesis dominated the formation of PCDD/Fs on the remaining samples of kiln dust.

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Formation, Reduction and Emission Behaviors of CBzs and PCDD/Fs from Cement Plants

Cited by 16 publications

References 46 publications

Part I: PM2.5 and Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the Ambient Air of Southern China

Part I: PM2.5 and Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in the Ambient Air of Southern China

Gas-Particle Partitioning of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Dibenzofurans, and Biphenyls in Flue Gases from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators

Thermal reaction characteristics of dioxins on cement kiln dust

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