Formation thermodynamics of the rare earth vapour complexes: DyAl3Cl12and DyAl2Cl9

Thermodynamic Properties of Vapor Complex Na2HfCl6

“…In this case, however, the calculation results of Eqs. (3)-(5) and (9)- (11) [9] or HoAl 3 Cl 12 -HoAl 2 Cl 9 coexistence [11].…”

“…The quenching experiments employed in this study were similar to those described [8][9][10][11]. An excess of NaCl or KCl, and less HfCl 4 were placed in the deep ditch of the ampoule (part A in Fig.1) under argon atmosphere and the ampoule was then sealed under vacuum.…”

“…Since then, metal halide vapor complexes have shown their numerous applications in high temperature processes of catalysis, chemical synthesis, extraction and separation, lamps and lasers. To understand the nature of such high temperature processes, it is necessary to research the compositions and thermodynamic properties of these vapor complexes [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

“…There have been more experimental and theoretical studies on the structure, properties and applications of the IIIB group (rare earths) element halide vapor complexes [6,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and references therein). Previously, we [8][9][10][11][20][21][22][23] have determined the compositions and thermodynamic properties of the vapor complexes in the AlCl 3 -LnCl 3 and AlBr 3 -LnBr 3 systems from Ln=Sc to Ln=Lu of the IIIB group and in the NbCl 5 -NaCl and NbCl 5 -KCl binary systems at about 580-680 K by high temperature phase equilibrium-quenching experiments; and the results of the AlCl 3 -LnCl 3 systems have been used in theoretical analysis of the mutual separation characteristics of rare earths using chemical vapor transport by several groups [7,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39].…”

Mutual separation characteristics for binary mixed oxides Ho2O3–Ln2O3 (Ln = Sc, Y, La, Nd, Sm) using stepwise chlorination-chemical vapor transport reaction mediated by vapor complexes KLnCl4

“…Recently, Wang et al [22][23][24][25] have determined the thermodynamic properties of the gaseous species LnAl n Cl 3n+3 for all of rare earth elements including Sc and Y, and found that LnAl 3 Cl 12 is the predominant gaseous complex species for the lanthanide series from La to Lu while LnAl 2 Cl 9 for Sc and Y in the temperature range from 500 to 900 K. On the other hand, Adachi and co-workers [13,14] have reported the CVT characteristics of the binary oxide mixtures Sc 2 O 3 -Y 2 O 3 [13], Sc 2 O 3 -La 2 O 3 [13] and Y 2 O 3 -Ln 2 O 3 (Ln = La [13], Dy [14], Ho [14] and Er [14]) mediated by gaseous complexes LnAl n Cl 3n+3 and KLnCl 4 . The experiment results [13,14] indicated that ScCl 3 could be easily separated from YCl 3 and LaCl 3 while the separation efficiency between Y and Ln (Ln = Dy, Ho and Er) is very small and unexpected results that the lowest CVT efficiency and that the lowest gaseous complexes stability for YCl 3 compared with LnCl 3 (Ln = Dy, Ho and Er) were observed.…”