Procedures for analyzing volatile fatty acids content of aqueous samples using packed and capillary chromatography columns are described and compared. A packed column system tolerant of aqueous samples was used that incorporated a formic acid vapor entrainment device. This permitted a simple sample preparation and concentration scheme. This system was compared to capillary column analysis with split, manual, or autosampler injection. The autosampler/capillary system used a solvent trapping technique not previously applied to aqueous sample chromatography. The capillary column gave greatly increased resolution, resulting in more precise quantitation and lower detection limits but with slightly longer analysis time. These procedures have been successfully applied to the analysis of volatile fatty acids in large numbers of fecal samples.Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), acetic through valeric, are common