Forms of occurrence of plutonium in soils

Goryachenkova, T. A.; Pavlotskaya, F.I.; Myasoedov, Β. F.

doi:10.1007/bf02039576

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…For pH of the solution to change only slightly in the interaction process, the salt of this acid is added into the acid to create the buffer effect. Tamm's solution has long been used which is an ethanediodic acid solution with ammonium oxalate (Goryachenkova et al 1990;Klemt et al 2000). At present, the solution of hydroxylamine chloride in acetic acid is also used (VcLean and Bledsoe 1992; Schultz et al 1995;Howard and Vanderbrink, 1999;Wang et al 2002;Gasco et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When comparing the results obtained in the analysis using most of the techniques, it is possible to partly describe the type of the compounds formed and only with great approximation since a particular fraction may imply quite a wide range of compounds (movable or soluble in acids- Goryachenkova et al 1990) or a reagent is chosen which has an application limited by the frame of the objects under investigation (sodium pyrophosphate is convenient for studying light soils with a small amount of sand or for studying suspensions) (Gasco et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship of mineral and geochemical composition to artificial radionuclide partitioning in Yenisei river sediments downstream from Krasnoyarsk

Bondareva

2011

Environ Monit Assess

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Discharges from the Mining-and-Chemical Combine (MCC) of Rosatom, downstream from Krasnoyarsk, resulted in radioactive contamination of sediments of the River Yenisei. The concentration of artificial gamma-emitting radionuclides ((137)Cs, (60)Co, (152)Eu, and (241)Am) was determined with the objective to analyze the migration processes leading to the transport of these radionuclides. The content of artificial radionuclides in the surface layers of the study area varied in wide ranges: (137)Cs-318-1,800 Bq/kg, (60)Co-87-720 Bq/kg, (152)Eu-12-287 Bq/kg and (241)Am-6-76 Bq/kg. There was a sequence of migration of radionuclides investigated in the surface layer of sediments that were collected in the near zone of influence of the MCC: (241)Am ≈ (152)Eu > (60)Co > (137)Cs. Radionuclide species have been found to be directly related to sediment structure and composition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of mineral and geochemical composition to artificial radionuclide partitioning in Yenisei river sediments downstream from Krasnoyarsk

Bondareva

2011

Environ Monit Assess

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“…For рН of the solution to change only slightly in the interaction process, the salt of this acid is added into the acid to create the buffer effect. Tamm's solution has long been used which is an ethanediodic acid solution with ammonium oxalate [10,11]. At present the solution of hydroxylamine chloride in acetic acid is also used [6][7][8]12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since a particular fraction may imply quite a wide range of compounds (movable or soluble in acids [10]) or a reagent is chosen which has an application limited by the frame of the objects under investigation (sodium pyrophosphate is convenient for studying light soils with a small amount of sand or for studying suspensions) [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of mineral and geochemical composition to artificial radionuclide partitioning inYenisei river sediments downstream frommining-and-chemical combine rosatom

Bondareva¹,

Svetlana²

2011

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“…A study of the dynamics of the variation of the forms found in soil showed that radionuclides are absorbed very rapidly. Bonding with organic substances and hydroxides was observed when soil is contaminated in laboratory experiments and as a result of global radioactive fallout [10]. Systematic treatment of soil with different reagents established that 22% of the americium is found in water-soluble, 21% in exchange, and 57% in mobile form ( Table 2).…”

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confidence: 97%

Reagent-based remediation of soil contaminated with transuranium elements

Nikolaevskii¹,

Sklifasovskaya²,

Sabodina³

et al. 2011

At Energy

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The results of studies on selecting remediation solutions for removing plutonium and americium from soil are presented. The effect of the type and concentration of different reagents on the degree of leaching of radionuclides is studied. It is shown that acid solutions extract americium from soils. Reducing media must be used to extract plutonium from soils efficiently. The conditions for obtaining 90% reagent-based remediation of soils are determined.To remediate grounds contaminated with radionuclides, special technologies for decontaminating soils and subsoils must be developed. The removal and direct disposal of the surface soil layer in a repository are not cost-effective, since the contaminated soil is low-level radwaste in most cases. Technologies for remediating soils based on physical and chemical methods of removing radioactive contamination are being developed and tested, since there is need for soil remediation and the volume of radwastes which are to be placed in long-term storage repository must be reduced. The physical method based on removing soil by separating the fine fraction, which contains most of the radionuclide mass, has been implemented at the National Research Center Kurchatov Institute.The chemical method consists in desorbing the radionuclides during treatment of the contaminated soil by a solution of a special reagent. The reagent method, characterized by a high decontamination factor (~20) as compared with the separation method (~5), can be used alone as well as for additional, deeper, cleaning of soil after the fine fraction has been separated.The main problems in developing the reagent technology are finding an effective composition for the extracting agent and determining the conditions for transferring the radionuclides into solution. The reagents and conditions for effective decontamination of soil contaminated with 137 Cs and 226 Ra with better than 90% removal have been determined in previous work [1,2]. In the present article, we present the results of studies of the reagent-based remediation of soils contaminated with plutonium and americium.Experimental Part. The investigations were performed on samples of real soil which were obtained from the surface of a contaminated section on the grounds of an atomic energy enterprise from depths to 30 cm. Average samples of airdried soil were used for the experiments. The particle-size composition was determined by the pipette method. The form in which the plutonium and americium were present in the soil was determined by methods based on successive treatment of the samples by reagent solutions with different composition in order of increasing chemical activity [3].Laboratory experiments for choosing desorbing reagents were performed under static conditions by allowing a weighed portion of the air-dried soil to come into 24-h contact with a water solution of salts and mineral acids at 20°C and S:L = 1:5 for the contact phases. Next, the liquid and solid phases were divided by filtering and analyzing the plutonium and

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Forms of occurrence of plutonium in soils

Cited by 22 publications

References 1 publication

The relationship of mineral and geochemical composition to artificial radionuclide partitioning in Yenisei river sediments downstream from Krasnoyarsk

The relationship of mineral and geochemical composition to artificial radionuclide partitioning in Yenisei river sediments downstream from Krasnoyarsk

The relationship of mineral and geochemical composition to artificial radionuclide partitioning inYenisei river sediments downstream frommining-and-chemical combine rosatom

Reagent-based remediation of soil contaminated with transuranium elements

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